Muscle & Bone Flashcards
What are the different types of muscle?
Smooth (Involuntary)
Striated/ skeletal (Voluntary)
Cardiac (Involuntary)
How does a muscle contract?
Action potentials change the voltage which causes calcium to enter the cell.
Define Tendon
Tough fibrous tissue that attaches muscle to the bone or can be found as valves in the heart.
Why are muscles and nerves known as excitable tissue?
They both need electricity to activate them
What would occur to the muscle if ATP was removed from the process?
ATP is needed to release the myosin head from actin so if absent then muscle contraction does not stop. An example would be rigor mortis
Define Diaphysis
It is the shaft of a long bone
Define epiphysis
It is the end of a bone
Define synovial fluid
Viscous fluid found in synovial joints whose main function is to reduce friction between articular surfaces
What are the characteristics of synovial fluid?
Lubricant
Sticky/ viscous
Traps water to help resist compression
Shock absorber
What are osteoblasts?
Osteoblasts come from messenchymal stem cells and lay down the bone matrix.
What are osteocytes?
Osteocytes come from Osteoblasts and help maintain the bone matrix by channelling nutrients and waste material
What are osteoclasts?
Osteoclasts are differentiated macrophages and help digest bone during bone formation and repair.
What is the main constituent to the bone?
70% calcium containing hydroxylapatite
What are the different types of joint and where do they occur?
Ball & socket - Shoulder Ellipsoid - Metacarpals Saddle - Wrist & digits Hinge - Elbow Pivot - Neck (Atlas & axis)
Define bursa.
It is a synovial fluid filled sac that normally lies near a synovial joint and allows frictionless movement between muscle, or tendons and bones.
