MTC EXER 4

Question 1

are used for rapid microscopic analysis

Answer 1

cryo-based methods

cryo-embedding and sectioning

Question 1

cryosections are usually used in ___ surgery

Answer 1

oncologic

Question 2

function of cryo-based methods

Answer 2

ID unknown pathologic process

dz extent and margins

detect metastases

ID tissue

Question 3

ideal cutting thickness for cryoembedding

Answer 3

4-7 microns for sectioning
20-40 mirons for trimming

Question 4

type of microscopy used in IHC

Answer 4

light microscopy

Question 5

titrated to optimize contrast between positively staining tissue and nonspecific background staining, with the highest primary antibody dilution to prevent waste

Answer 5

primary Ab

Question 6

target a single epitope, tend to be more specific

Answer 6

monoclonal Ab

Question 7

can bind many different epitopes, tend be more sensitive

Answer 7

polyclonal Ab

Question 8

For the initial titration, an antibody concentration of __ to __ μg/mL is usually recommended.

Answer 8

1 to 5

Question 9

physical method to retrieve Ag

Answer 9

heat and utz

Question 10

chemical meants of retrieving Ag

Answer 10

enzyme digestion, denaturation, detergent, oxidation

Question 11

most commonly used method to retrieve Ag

Answer 11

heat

Question 12

used to visualize Ag-Ab rxn

Answer 12

secondary antibody

Question 13

(IHC) is a research and diagnostic technique that uses
the specific binding of an antibody to an antigen to detect and localize
specific antigens in cells and tissue in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded
tissue

Answer 13

IHC

Question 14

where to use IHC

Answer 14

tumors,

Question 15

involves the pretreatment of tissue to
retrieve antigens masked by fixation and make them more
accessible to antibody binding;

Answer 15

Antigen retrieval (AR)

Question 16

Background staining can be caused by:

Answer 16

nonspecific antibody binding - more common in polyclonal antibodies, and
* endogenous peroxidase activity - more problematic in tissues with a high
concentration of hematopoietic components, (e.g. bone marrow)

Question 17

• Nonspecific antibody binding can be reduced by:

Answer 17

Preincubating the secondary antibody with normal serum from the same species or with
a commercially available universal blocking agent (e.g. goat serum).