MT1 Flashcards
Which of the following would be a vaccine that is homologous to another organism?
Smallpox
In dairy products, what is the most expected bacterial contamination?
Salmonella
What is the correct term to use when you are measuring the number of new cases of HIV within a city?
Incidence
What term is used when you know from experience the expected number of a disease from one year to another?
Endemic
IN the Cycle of Poverty in public health, what component of cycle can be caused by education & capital formation?
Birth Rate
Within the paper on Health & Wealth of Nations, what is the primary benefit of creating wealth within the population?
Creating Jobs
In the immune response to a vaccine, what type of a cell initially processing the antigen and delivers required protein information to the T-cells?
Macrophage
Which of the following types of viral diseases is considered the less likely to shift or drift in their genetic code?
DNAds
When people die in a Refugee Camp because of poor conditions, what is the most likely source of the risk, leading to high death rates?
Water
Most common example of a live/attenuated vaccine
Polio
Refugees, worldwide, can sometimes become mixed and not recognized within what other group:
a. Migrant Workers
b. Homeless
c. Prisoners
d. All of these***
Currently, what disease is the most threatening to the citizens of Haiti?
Cholera
Given the conditions of Haiti, what re-emerging and currently endemic infection is likely to increase over the next years? **this questions was disregarded
a. Hookworm
b. Cholera*
c. TB*
d. Salmonella
e. Malaria
Select the current emerging diseases that is transmitted by a vector-borne mechanism:
Lymes Disease
- Presently, what type of organism seems to produce the most severe form of sexually transmitted diseases?
Viruses
Freezing meat helps to preserve it by killing most of the bacteria:
False
Healthy People 2000 for the US, what is the target for lowering specific diseases within the country?
a. Mortality
b. Morbidity
c. Both***
d. Neither
From our discussion of the public health cycle of disease, when the infant mortality is high in a developing country, what is expected to happen to the population?
Increase
In the video on parasites, what type of organism can become more serious after treatment?
Worms
The productivity of a country, its GNP, can be an indirect measure of what feature of its general population?
a. Health
b. Education
c. Neither
d. Both***
While the local city and state laws are the main legal leverage for enacting public health rules, federal laws are established at what level?
Consitution
In the Chronic Cycle of Disease the key relationship for lowering rate of population growth involves:
Economic Freedom of Women
Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for most of the food risks associated with poultry?
Salmonella
In the recent epidemic of Swine Flu, which is the setting for mutational events leading to the release of H1N1?
The Pig
The most serious parasitic plague for humans in the tropics:
Malaria
In the Health & Wealth of Nations paper we discussed in lecture, one of the main benefits to a larger and Healthy older population is:
Capital formation
A developing country with a large base of youth will always be able to create surplus jobs to maintain a healthy GIP And a productive nation regardless of available capital:
False
As a general rule, the health crisis to the citizens of a particular nation is mostly influenced by what factor?
Culture
The prosperity of a nation is based primarily on the years of longevity of its citizens, which is dependent most on what influence:
Education
In new age, what stage is considered the “Chemical Stage”?
Tertiary
Which disease has almost been eradicated from the USA mainly by the use of vaccines?
Polio
Most of the old world diseases that followed explorers to the new world came primarily from what source?
Humans on board
Which of the following diseases is considered to have its origin as a cattle disease knows as RINDERPESTS
Measles
Which of the following vaccines can occasionally “revert to wild type” after administration?
Live but attenuated
which of the following is generally considered to have been the single most devastating epidemic recorded?
the flu of 1917 (not the plague as it occurred on multiple occasions)
The law requiring the use of motorcycle helmets was a significant reason for lowering health care costs in ER settings, by lowering what event?
fewer major head injuries
From the video on Ebola, there is evidence that the ~virus can transfer between people by what means?
Contact
What is the name of a vaccine made from preexisting antibodies as in the treatment for tetanus?
Passive immunity
Who is credited with writing the first code of hygiene in the year 1500 BC?
Hebrews
Greek civilizations (100-400 BC) established public health for all greek citizens?
false
what was the vector for the Black Plague?
Fleas
In the Ebola Video what animal was the host to a similar virus that showed up in germany in the 1960s?
Monkey
which of the following emerging diseases has an ARTHROPOD vector?
dengue fever
the latest epidemic of ebola was discovered in what country?
africa
the current problem associated with the rise of TB, in part, stems from what increasing problem
poverty
the epidemic of TB slowed with the discovery of what treatment technique?
multiple drug use
within developing nations, which of the following is most important for controlling infectious diseases?
clean drinking water
the endemic levels of a disease have which of the following definitions
expected number over time
DPT is the vaccine to eliminate, some common infectious disease reisks in young children, which pathology is not covered?
Polio
What time period ushered in the beginning of the major diseases associated with CROWDING and POVERTY within EUROPEAN and US cities
1800
in the discussion of mad cow disease this virus is unique because it does not have what key component of life
DNA/RNA
Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in the selection of therapeautics, especially viruses that have distributed resistant genes through conjugation
False
Which of the following is now considered an emerging disease, which can be found in both food and water in the US
E. Coli H157 H7
When discussing the yearly influenza virus which visits the US, what animal is considered the mixing vessel for creating new strains of the virus
Pigs
What is the term used to describe the total number of people with a particular disease, at any given time, within a country
endemic
the vaccine for malaria as discussed in the video was based on antibodies against the antigens of the plasmodium. once the pathogen enters the body, how much time passes before the plasmodium arrives at the liver
30 minutes
in the emerging disease hanta virus, what are the ultimate sources of the microorganisms
mouse
what is the term used to describe the number of proteases of new cases of a particular disease within a given period of time within a given location
incidence
when refugees from a war torn country are forced to live “on the move” their death rates is altered by the stress, what is the impact on the death rate?
about 6x normal
in calculating a YPLL for a particular US city (as done in lecture) what population group was in the numerator of the formula?
This answer is incorrect, if the question said denominator it would be the right answer***
people
sewage treatment plants and septic tanks have anaerobic metabolism in what state of the process
primary
which of the following organism is used to measure the safety (potable water) of drinking water?
E. coli
where in the sewage treatment plant is the BOD level at its greatest value?
Primary (BOD = biologic oxygen demant, highest in stage 1 anaerobic phase)
in the laboratory procedure for measuring water contamination from coliform bacteria, which type of bacterial media plate is most commonly used
EMB
In the edge theory of disease, which of the following was likely to be a disease left with natives in the early 1800’s
leprosy
outbreaks of contaminates foods such as meats, fresh vegetables, are now considered a problem of epidemic proportion with the USA, what is the most often reported source of the outbreaks
E. Coli 0157H7
Definition of Morbidity
how many cases will present
Definition of mortality
how many will die
Definition of incidence
new cases
Definition of endemic
expected cases (based on year to year patterns)
Definition of prevalence
total cases
Definition of pandemic
crossing borders
Definition of cluster epidemic
defined by place, time, or circumstance
