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Anatomy/Nerves/Embryology > MSK Anatomy/Physiology > Flashcards

MSK Anatomy/Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Draw Sign?

A

Bend knee at 90-degree angle=> increased anterior gliding of tibia due to ACL injury

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2
Q

Posterior Draw Sign?

A

Bend knee at 90-degree angle=> increased posterior gliding of tibia due to PCL injury

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3
Q

Abnormal passive abduction?

A

lateral (valgus) force=>medial space widening of tibia=>MCL injury.

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4
Q

Abnormal passive adduction?

A

medial (varus) force=> lateral space widening of tibia=>LCL injury

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5
Q

McMurray test? Medial vs Lateral Tear?

A

Pain, “popping” on external rotation
=>medial meniscal tear
ƒPain, “popping” on internal rotation
=>lateral meniscal tear

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6
Q

Unhappy triad

A

ACL, MCL, and Medial meniscus (attached to MCL)

Lateral meniscus more common

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7
Q

Which ones are the rotator cuff muscles? And their corresponding nerve

A

Supraspinatus-Suprascapular n.
Infraspinatus-Suprascapular n.
teres minor-Axillary n.
Subscapularis-subscapular n.

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8
Q

Supraspinatus Movement?

A

Abducts Arm

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9
Q

MC injured rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus

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10
Q

Rotator cuff muscle movements?

A

Supraspinatus-Abduction
Infraspinatus-Lateral rotation
teres Minor-Adduction and lateral rotation
Subscapularis-Adduction and medial rotation

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11
Q

A patient has acute carpal tunnel syndrome, what bone was displaced?

A

Lunate

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12
Q

Fall on the outstretched hand that damages hook of hamate can cause what injury?

A

Ulnar Nerve

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13
Q

MC fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

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14
Q

Carpal Tunnel vs Guyon Canal

A

Carpal Tunnel=>Median Nerve

Guyon Canal=>Ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Flattened deltoid
Loss of arm abduction at shoulder
Loss of sensation over deltoid muscle and lateral arm; What is cause of the injury? What nerve is involved?

A

Fractured surgical neck of humerus;
anterior dislocation of humerus

Axillary N. (C5-C6)

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16
Q

Loss of forearm flexion and supination

Loss of sensation over lateral forear; What is cause of the injury? What nerve is involved?

A

Upper trunk compression

Musculocutaneous N. (C5-C7)

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17
Q

Loss of elbow, wrist, and finger extension
Loss of grip strength
Loss of sensation over posterior arm and dorsal hand; What is cause of the injury? What nerve is involved?

A

Midshaft fracture of humerus; compression of axilla, e.g., due to crutches or sleeping with arm over chair (“Saturday night palsy”)

Radial (C5-T1)

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18
Q

“Ulnar claw” on digit extension

Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion

A

Due to: Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus “funny bone” (proximal lesion); fractured hook of hamate (distal lesion)

Ulnar (C8-T1)

19
Q

Ape hand
Loss of thenar muscle group: opposition,
abduction, and flexion of thumb WITHOUT any sensation loss

A

Due to: Superficial laceration of palm

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1)

20
Q

Arm hangs by side, arm medially rotated, and arm extension and pronation. Disease? Injury to where?

A

Erb Palsy
C5-C6
Infants: Lateral traction during delivery
“Erb-er” trunk

21
Q

Flexed MCP and extend DIP and PIP joints

A

Klumpke
C8-T1 (Lower trunk)
Adults-trauma=grabbing a tree
Infant-arm upwards during delivery

22
Q

Atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles with pancoast tumor

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

23
Q

Cannot abduct arm above horizontal position after mastectomy

A

Lesion of long thoracic nerve

24
Q

Clawing shows what? More pronounced in Distal or Proximal?

A

Where the dysfunction is;

Distal

25
Q

Thenar Muscles? Hypothenar Muscles?

A

Oppose, Abduct, and Flex (OAF)
Thenar: Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis
Hypothenar: Opponens digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi

26
Q

Interossei muscles DORSAL vs PALMAR?

A

DAB = Dorsals ABduct. PAD = Palmars ADduct.

27
Q

Decreased Medial thigh sensation and adduction? What nerve is damaged?

A

Obturator (L2-L4)

28
Q

Decreased thigh flexion and leg extension? What nerve is damaged?

A

Femoral (L2–L4)

Pelvic fracture

29
Q

Foot drop—inverted and plantarflexed at rest and “Steppage gait”
Loss of sensation on dorsum of foot.
What nerve is damaged?

A 
Common Peroneal (L4-S2)
Fibular Neck Fracture
30
Q

Inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole of foot. What nerve is damaged?

A

Tibial n.

Baker Cyst injury

31
Q

Pelvis tilts because weight-bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction=Trendelenburg sign/gait. What nerve is damaged? What muscles are affected?

A

Superior gluteal (L4–S1)
Gluteus Medius and minimus
*Contralateral hip that is affected

32
Q

Difficulty climbing stairs, rising from seated position. What nerve is damaged? What muscles are affected? Most likely due to?

A

Inferior gluteal (L5–S2)
Gluteus maximus
Posterior hip dislocation

33
Q

If Peroneal Nerve is Injured what happens?

A

PED = Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED.

34
Q

If Tibial Nerve is Injured what happens?

A

TIP = Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured, can’t stand on TIPtoes.

35
Q

What can be blocked by childbirth using ischial spine?

A 
Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4)
=>innervates perineum
36
Q

With Herniation, of L3-L4 what nerve will be impinged?

A

L4

37
Q

Weakness of knee extension, decreased patellar reflex

A

L3–L4

38
Q

Weakness of dorsiflexion, difficulty in heel-

walking

A

L4–L5

39
Q

Weakness of plantarflexion, difficulty in toe-

walking, Achilles reflex

A

L5–S1

40
Q

Type 1 muscle fibers have what kind of fibers?

A

Slow twitch; red fibers with lots of myoglobin concentration
Think “1 slow red ox.”
i.e. paraspinal muscles

41
Q

Type 2 muscle fibers have what kind of fibers?

A

Fast twitch; white fibers=>more glycogen; anaerobic

42
Q

ACL Prevents?

A

Anterior displacement of the tibia

43
Q

PCL Prevents?

A

Posterior displacement of the tibia

Anatomy/Nerves/Embryology (3 decks)

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