Movements

Question 1

Explain elbow flexion and which joints it occurs at

Answer 1

When your forearm moves toward your body by bending at your elbow

Movement of the Humero-Radial and Humero-Ulnar joints

Question 2

What is the normal ROM of elbow flexion

Answer 2

140-150 degrees

Question 3

Give prime movers of elbow flexion

Answer 3

Brachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis

Question 4

Give limiting factors of elbow flexion

Answer 4

• Soft tissue apposition - biceps brachii muscle belly

* tension in antagonists - triceps brachii

Question 5

Explain elbow extension and the joints it occurs at

Answer 5

Straightening your forearm at your elbow

Movement of the Humero-Radial and Humero-Ulnar joints

Question 6

Give normal ROM of elbow extension

Answer 6

0 degrees

Hyper extension - 0-5 degrees

Question 7

Give prime movers of elbow extension

Answer 7

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

Question 8

Give limiting factors of elbow extension

Answer 8

Bony apposition of olecranon in olecranon fossa

Question 9

Give closed pack position of the elbow joint

Answer 9

Full extension

Question 10

Explain the carry angle

Answer 10

Carry angle is the normal degree of medial edge of trochlea projecting distally

Carry angle allows your forearms to clear your hips when you swing your arms, such as during walking

Men: 10-15 degrees
Women: 20-25 degrees

Carry angle disappears on full flexion and on pronation in full extension

Question 11

Explain pronation and the joints it occurs at

Answer 11

from mid-prone (neutral) and 90 degrees elbow flexion:
When palmar surface of forearm and hand face down; when radius crosses the ulna

Occurs at radio-ulnar joints and humero-radial joint

At Humero-radial joint - uperior articular surface of the radial head spins on the capitulum

At superior RUJ - articular surface on the side of radial head slides within radial notch of ulna and adjacent annular ligament

At inferior RUJ - ulnar notch of the radius slides anteromedially over the convex surface of the head of the ulna so distal radius becomes medial to the ulna

Question 12

Give normal ROM of pronation of forearm

Answer 12

80-90 degrees

Question 13

Give limiting factors of pronation at forearm

Answer 13

Bony apposition of radius on Ulna

Tension in ligaments: Quadrate lig and dorsal radioulnar lig of distal RU jnt, Interosseous Membrane

Tension in antagonist :Supinator, biceps brachii

Question 14

Explain supination and the joints occurring

Answer 14

from mid-prone (neutral); 90 degrees elbow flexion & thumb facing up:

Radius is parallel to the fixed ulna, lying lateral to it at both the superior and inferior RUJ

Question 15

Give normal ROM of supination of forearm

Answer 15

90 degrees

Question 16

Give limiting factors of supination of forearm

Answer 16

tension in Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

Tension in ligaments: quadrate lig, palmer radioulnar lig of

Inferior RUJ, Interosseous Membrane

Question 17

Give factors of stability of the radius and ulna during pronation and supination of the forearm

Answer 17

annular ligament of the radius at the superior RUJ

the interosseous membrane along the lengths of the radius and ulna

the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) at the inferior RUJ