Mod 3/4

Question 1

define neuroscience

Answer 1

field of scientific study that examines the structure and function of all parts of the nervous system

Question 2

Define glial cells

Answer 2

• provide structures to guide the growth of neurons
• insulate and protect neurons
• release chemicals that influence neuron’s structure and function

Question 3

define neuron

Answer 3

a brain cell with two extensions. One for receiving electrical signals, the other for transmitting them.

Question 4

define neurogenesis

Answer 4

the process of developing new neurons

Question 5

draw and label a neuron

Answer 5

look at planner notes

Question 6

what is another name for the cell body

Answer 6

soma

Question 7

describe functions of the cell body

Answer 7

provides fuel
manufactures chemicals
keeps entire neuron in working order

Question 8

describe functions of dendrites

Answer 8

receive signals from other neurons, muscles or sense organs and pass them through the cell body

Question 9

functions of axon

Answer 9

carries signals away from cell body to other neurons, muscles or organs

Question 10

what is the myelin sheath composed of

Answer 10

fatty acid

Question 11

functions of myelin sheath

Answer 11

insulates and protects axon

Question 12

function of end bulbs

Answer 12

store neurotransmitters

Question 13

what is the synapse

Answer 13

the space between an end bulb and another neuron, muscle or organ

Question 14

what makes up the peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

all nerves in body EXCEPT brain and spinal cord

Question 15

which can reattach limbs, nerves or neurons?

Answer 15

nerves

Question 16

what makes up the central nervous system

Answer 16

neurons located in brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 17

Disease that attacks the myelin sheath

Question 18

define ions

Answer 18

changed chemical particles

Question 19

define neuropeptides

Answer 19

molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other

Question 20

define endorphins

Answer 20

chemicals produced by the brain and secreted in response to pain or severe stress

Question 21

define reflex

Answer 21

an unlearned reaction to a stimulus

Question 22

what is another name for afferent neurons

Answer 22

sensory neurons

Question 23

what is another name for efferent neurons

Answer 23

motor neurons

Question 24

what do afferent neurons do

Answer 24

carry information from the sense to the spinal cord

Question 25

what do efferent neurons do?

Answer 25

carry info away from spinal cord to produce responses in different muscles and organs in the body

Question 26

describe stem cells

Answer 26

have the capacity to change into any type of cell that makes up the human body

Question 27

describe induced pluripotent stem cells

Answer 27

adult cells that have been genetically modified to be in an embryonic stem cell like state

Question 28

describe stereotaxic procedure

Answer 28

involves fixing a patient’s head in a holder and drilling a small hole through the skull.