Mod 3/4 Flashcards
define neuroscience
field of scientific study that examines the structure and function of all parts of the nervous system
Define glial cells
- provide structures to guide the growth of neurons
- insulate and protect neurons
- release chemicals that influence neuron’s structure and function
define neuron
a brain cell with two extensions. One for receiving electrical signals, the other for transmitting them.
define neurogenesis
the process of developing new neurons
draw and label a neuron
look at planner notes
what is another name for the cell body
soma
describe functions of the cell body
provides fuel
manufactures chemicals
keeps entire neuron in working order
describe functions of dendrites
receive signals from other neurons, muscles or sense organs and pass them through the cell body
functions of axon
carries signals away from cell body to other neurons, muscles or organs
what is the myelin sheath composed of
fatty acid
functions of myelin sheath
insulates and protects axon
function of end bulbs
store neurotransmitters
what is the synapse
the space between an end bulb and another neuron, muscle or organ
what makes up the peripheral nervous system
all nerves in body EXCEPT brain and spinal cord
which can reattach limbs, nerves or neurons?
nerves
what makes up the central nervous system
neurons located in brain and spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
Disease that attacks the myelin sheath
define ions
changed chemical particles
define neuropeptides
molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other
define endorphins
chemicals produced by the brain and secreted in response to pain or severe stress
define reflex
an unlearned reaction to a stimulus
what is another name for afferent neurons
sensory neurons
what is another name for efferent neurons
motor neurons
what do afferent neurons do
carry information from the sense to the spinal cord
what do efferent neurons do?
carry info away from spinal cord to produce responses in different muscles and organs in the body
describe stem cells
have the capacity to change into any type of cell that makes up the human body
describe induced pluripotent stem cells
adult cells that have been genetically modified to be in an embryonic stem cell like state
describe stereotaxic procedure
involves fixing a patient’s head in a holder and drilling a small hole through the skull.
