MOA of Oral hypoglycemic agents

Question 1

Biguanide

Answer 1

decreases amount of glucose released from the liver, decreases intestinal absorption, increases sensitivity of insulin (take w/o regards to meals)

Question 2

Sulfonylureas

Answer 2

stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin (take before breakfast)

Question 3

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 3

increase amount of glucose uptake by muscle cells thus increasing insulin sensitivity (take w/o regards to meals) - takes about a month to start working

Question 4

DPP-4 inhibitors

Answer 4

protects the endogenous incretin hormones and enhances their actions - enhances insulin release from pancreas (take w/o regards to meals)

Question 5

SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 5

lowers renal threshold for glucose and increases urinary excretion (take w/o regards to meals)

Question 6

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Answer 6

acts as an incretin mimetic to enhance glucose dependent insulin secretion from beta cells - suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying (IR SubQ 1hr before morning and evening meals)

Question 7

Meglitinide

Answer 7

stimulates pancreas to release more insulin right after a meal (take prior to each meal)

Question 8

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 8

reversibly inhibits membrane-bound intestinal alpha-glucosidase, which leads to delayed glucose absorption and decreased post-prandial hyperglycemia (take with first bite of each main meal)