MIX 2

Question 1

Solar Thermal Energy applications

Answer 1

Solar water heating
Solar space heating and cooling
Idustrial proccess heating
Desalination
Refrigeration

Question 2

PVT

Answer 2

Solar Thermal + Photovoltaics = PVT

Question 3

Solar thermal panels in coldclimates needs

Answer 3

sunlight availability even on cold weather
antifreeze solutiontoprevent fliud from freezing in the pipes
Good insulation
Glazing
Evacuated tubes is prefferable can be more efficient than flat plate collectors.

Question 4

What are Thermodynamic Solar Panels?

Answer 4

Thermodynamic solar panels (solar-assisted heat pumps) extract heat from daylight and
outdoor air to give hot water.
Thermodynamic solar panels work on the same principal as a fridge: Pumping heat
from one place to another

Question 5

standalone PV system

Answer 5

PV Array: This is a collection of solar panels that convert sunlight into electrical energy.

Charge Controller: This device regulates the flow of electricity from the PV array to the battery and from the battery to the DC load. It ensures that the batteries charge properly and prevents them from being overcharged, which can damage the batteries.

Battery: The battery stores the DC electricity generated by the solar panels so that it can be used when there is no sunlight, like during the night or on cloudy days.addedto that ,to power electrical loads at stable
voltages, and to supply surge currents to electrical loads and inverters.

Inverter: This device converts the stored DC electricity from the battery into alternating current (AC) electricity

Rectifier: If the system uses an auxillary generator (like an engine-generator or wind turbine), the rectifier converts the AC generated by these sources back into DC to store in the battery or to power DC loads.

DC LOAD

AC LOAD

Question 6

silicon modules

Answer 6

Monocrystalline - puresilicon single crystal
Polycrystalline - liquid silicon is used as raw material lower efficiency than monocrystalline
Amorphous - depositing thin film ofsilicon use dinpower calculators and watcher

Question 7

Factors affecting (I-V) Curve

Answer 7

1. Effect of Temperature (tempinc,voltdec)
2. Effects of Shading/Low Insolation (irradiance dec , current dec, voltage approx the same)

Question 8

Bypass diode

Answer 8

When a solar panel is partially shaded, the shaded cells can become bottlenecks to the current flow, and instead of producing energy, they start to consume it ,it bypasses the faulty panel by
providing current an alternative path to flow and thereby
maintains the continuity of power production.

prevents hotspots

Question 9

Blocking diode

Answer 9

allows the flow of current from a
solar panel to the battery but prevents/blocks the
flow of current from battery to solar panel thereby
preventing the battery from discharging

Question 10

Sizing proccess

Answer 10

Load estimation
solar resourcefor the lowest solar energy
month of the year.
Calclate losses
PV system sizing
Site survey
Mounting considerations