Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Who’s human being definition is this? “an organism that “strives its own way to reduce tension generated by needs and lives in unstable equilibrium” “ Each individual may be viewed as a unique biological-psychological-spiritual structure, one that will not react the same as any other individual.”

A

Hildegard Peplau

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2
Q

“an organism that “strives its own way to reduce tension generated by needs and lives in unstable equilibrium”

A

Human Being

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3
Q

Who’s health definition is this? “a word symbol that implies forward movement of
personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”

A

Hildegard Peplau

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4
Q

“a word symbol that implies forward movement of
personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living”

A

Health

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5
Q

“a “significant therapeutic, interpersonal process” that functions cooperatively with others to make health possible”

A

Nursing

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6
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this? “a “significant therapeutic, interpersonal process” that functions cooperatively with others to make health possible”

A

Hildegard Peplau

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7
Q

What is the purpose of nursing according to Peplau?

A

to educate and be a maturing force so that the patient (person) gets a new view of himself given the need that he has presented

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8
Q

What is Nursing according to Peplau?

A

Therapeutic, a healing art

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9
Q

What are the phases of Peplau’s Nurse-Patient Relationship?

A
  1. Orientation Phase
  2. Identification Phase
  3. Exploitation Phase
  4. Resolution Phase
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10
Q

What is the theory of Hildegard Peplau?

A

Interpersonal Relations Theory

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11
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

nurse and patient meet as two strangers

A

Orientation Phase

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12
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

the individual has a felt need and seeks
professional assistance

A

Orientation Phase

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13
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

The nurse helps the individual to recognize and understand his/ her problem and
determine the need for help.

A

Orientation Phase

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14
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

patient identifies with those who can help him/her

A

Identification Phase

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15
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

The nurse permits exploration of feelings to aid the patient in undergoing illness as an experience that reorients feelings and strengthens positive forces in the personality and provides needed satisfaction

A

Identification Phase

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16
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

patient attempts to derive full value from what he/she is offered through the relationship

A

Exploitation

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17
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

The nurse can project new goals to be achieved through personal effort and power shifts from the nurse to the patient as the patient delays gratification to achieve the newly formed goals.

A

Exploitation Phase

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18
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

patient gradually puts aside old goals and adopts new goals

A

Resolution Phase

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19
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

patient frees himself from identification with the nurse

A

Resolution Phase

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20
Q

What are the different roles of nursing according to Peplau’s Theory?

A

• TEACHER
• RESOURCE PERSON
• COUNSELOR
• LEADER
• TECHNICAL EXPERT
• SURROGATE

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21
Q

She believes that “the behavior of the nurse-as-a-person interacting with the patient as-a-person has significant impact on the patient’s well-being and the quality and outcome of nursing care”.

A

Hildegard Peplau

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22
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who imparts knowledge concerning a need or interest

A

Teacher

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23
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who provides specific, needed information that aids in understanding a problem or a new situation

A

Resource

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24
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who through the use of certain skills and attitudes, aids another in recognizing, facing, accepting, and resolving problems that are interfering with the other person’s ability to live happily and effectively

A

Counselor

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25
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who carries out the process of initiation and maintenance of group goals through interaction

A

Leader

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26
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who provides physical care by displaying clinical skills and operating equipment in this care

A

Technical Expert

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27
Q

Nursing Roles of Peplau

One who takes the place of another

A

Surrogate

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28
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase defines the problem and identifies the service needed by the patient

A

Orientation

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29
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase is the nurse’s assessment of the patient’s health and situation.

A

Orientation Phase

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30
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase includes the selection of the appropriate assistance by a professional.

A

Identification Phase

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31
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

the patient begins to feel as if he or she belongs, and feels capable of dealing with the problem which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness

A

Identification Phase

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32
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase is the development of a nursing care plan based on the patient’s situation and goals.

A

Identification Phase

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33
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

the patient feels like an integral part of the helping environment, and may make minor requests or use attention-getting techniques.

A

Exploitation Phase

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34
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase is the implementation of the nursing plan, taking actions toward meeting the goals set in the identification phase.

A

Exploitation Phase

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35
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

It is the termination of the professional relationship since the patient’s needs have been met through the collaboration of patient and nurse.

A

Resolution Phase

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36
Q

Identify what phase of Peplau’s Theory.

This phase is the evaluation of the nursing process

A

Resolution Phase

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37
Q

It was defined as the initial response to a psychic threat.

A

Anxiety

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38
Q

[Type or Anxiety] It is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).

A

Mild Anxiety

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39
Q

[Type of Anxiety]

involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect the person to the task.

A

Moderate Anxiety

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40
Q

[Type of Anxiety]

involves feelings of dread and terror. The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.

A

Severe Anxiety

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41
Q

[Type of Anxiety]

can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury.

A

Panic Anxiety

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42
Q

Who’s Person definition is this?

a complete and independent being with biological, sociological and spiritual components

A

Virginia Henderson

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43
Q

a complete and independent being with biological, sociological and spiritual components

A

Person

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44
Q

Who’s health definition is this?

the ability to perform independently the 14 basic needs

A

Virginia Henderson

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45
Q

Who’s environment definition is this?

the aggregate of the external conditions and influences affecting
the life and development of an organism

A

Virginia Henderson

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46
Q

7 components of Virginia Henderson

A

Light
Temperature
Air Movement
Atmospheric Pressure
Proper Waste Disposal
Absence of Injurious Chemicals
Cleanliness of surroundings

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47
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this?

The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.

A

Virginia Henderson

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48
Q

The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in
the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery.

A

Nursing

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49
Q

14 basic needs of human Virginia Henderson

A

Breathe normally
Eat and drink adequately
Eliminate body wastes
Move and maintain desirable postures
Sleep and rest
Select suitable clothes
Keep the body clean and well groomed
Maintain body temperature
Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
Communicate with others
Worship according to one’s faith
Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
Play or participate in various forms of recreation
Learn, discovery, satisfy curiosity

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50
Q

This theory focuses on the importance of increasing the patient’s independence to hasten their progress in the hospital.

A

Virginia Henderson’s Theory

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51
Q

“I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will, and the knowledge. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible.”

A

Virginia Henderson

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52
Q

“The nurse is temporarily the consciousness of the unconscious, the love of life for the suicidal, the leg of the amputee, the eyes of the newly blind, a means of locomotion for the infant and the knowledge and confidence for the young mother…”

A

Virginia Henderson

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53
Q

Who’s human being’s definition is this?

describes the recipients of nursing as individuals (and families, and thus, society), but does not delineate her beliefs or assumptions about the nature of human beings

A

Faye Glenn Abdellah

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54
Q

describes the recipients of nursing as individuals (and families, and thus, society), but does not delineate her beliefs or assumptions about the nature of human beings

A

Human beings

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55
Q

Who’s health definition is this?

total health needs” and “a healthy state of mind and body”

A

Faye Glenn Abdellah

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56
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this?

considers nursing to be a comprehensive service that is based on an art and science and aims to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.

A

Faye Glenn Abdellah

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57
Q

apparent condition

A

overt

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58
Q

hidden or concealed condition

A

covert

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59
Q

a condition faced by the patient or patient’s family that the nurse, through the performance of professional functions, can assist them to meet.

A

Nursing Problem

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60
Q

Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems

A
  1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort
  2. To promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep
  3. To promote safety though the prevention of accident, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread of infection
  4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformities
  5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
  6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
  7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination
  8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
  9. To recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions – pathological, physiological, and compensatory
  10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions
  11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions
  12. To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions
  13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
  14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication
  15. To promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships
  16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals
  17. To create and/or maintain a therapeutic environment
  18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs
  19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical and emotional
  20. To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
  21. To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness
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61
Q

What kind of approach is Abdellah’s Theory?

A

patient-centered approach

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62
Q

What theory is used in Abdellah’s Nursing Theory

A

14 basic needs of Henderson

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63
Q

“Nursing is based on an art and science that mould the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well, cope with their health needs.”

A

Abdellah

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64
Q

facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells; facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells; facilitate the
maintenance of elimination; facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance; recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions; facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions; and facilitate the maintenance of sensory function.

A

Sustenal care needs

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65
Q

identify and accept positive and negative expressions,
feelings, and reactions; identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness; facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non- verbal communication; promote the development of productive interpersonal relationships; facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals; create and maintain a therapeutic environment; and facilitate awareness of the self as an individual with varying physical, emotional, and developmental needs.

A

Remedial Care Need

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66
Q

include the acceptance of the optimum possible goals in light of limitations, both physical and emotional; the use of community
resources as an aid to resolving problems that arise from illness; and the understanding of the role of social problems as influential factors in the case of illness.

A

Restorative Care Needs

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67
Q

Patient is described as the only justification for the existence of nursing.

A

Abdellah

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68
Q

An interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse specially educated to recognize, respond to the need for help.

A

Interpersonal Relations Theory

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69
Q

This theory helps nurses and healthcare providers develop more therapeutic interventions in the clinical setting.

A

Interpersonal Relations Theory

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70
Q

What is the theory of Virginia Henderson?

A

Nursing Need Theory

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71
Q

“The nurse is expected to carry out a physician’s therapeutic plan, but individualized care is the result of the nurse’s creativity in planning for care.”

A

Virginia Henderson

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72
Q

What is the theory of Faye Glenn Abdellah?

A

21 Nursing Problems Theory

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73
Q

This theory changed the focus of nursing from disease-centered to patient centered and began to include families and elderly in nursing care.

A

21 Nursing Needs Theory

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74
Q

This theory’s nursing model is intended to guide care in hospital institutions but can also be applied to community health nursing as well.

A

21 Nursing Problems

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75
Q

What is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach?

A

The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

76
Q

Type of nursing where it focuses on meeting the patient’s received need for help in a vision of nursing that indicates considerable importance on the art of nursing.

A

Clinical Nursing

77
Q

Who’s person definition is this?

any individual who is receiving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or advice from a member of the health professions or from a worker in the field of health.

A

Ernestine Wiedenbach

78
Q

These are functioning human being. As such she not only acts, but she thinks and feels as well

A

Nurses

79
Q

What are the four maim element of clinical.
nursing according to wiedenbach

A

Philosophy
Purpoae
Practice
Art

80
Q

It is what the nurse wants to accomplish through what she does— is the overall goal toward which she is striving, and so is constant.

A

Purpose

81
Q

type of knowledge

something that may be accepted as existing or as being true.

A

Factual

82
Q

type of knowledge

encompasses theories, general principles, offered to explain phenomenon, beliefs, or concepts, and the context of such subject areas as the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities.

A

Speculative

83
Q

type of knowledge

knowing how to apply factual or speculative knowledge to the situation in hand.

A

Practical

84
Q

What is the theory of Lydia Hall?

A

Care, Cure, Core theory or Three Cs of Lydia Hall

85
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this?

Nursing as participation in care, core, and cure aspect of patient care

A

Lydia Hall

86
Q

It is the sole function of nurses

A

Care

87
Q

[Lydia Hall] these are shared with other members of the health team

A

Core and Cure

88
Q

What is the theory of Joyce Travelbee?

A

Human-to-human relationship model

89
Q

What is the purpose of nursing according to Joyce Travelbee?

A

The purpose of nursing was to help and support an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the struggles of illness and suffering and, if necessary, to find significance in these occurrences, with the ultimate goal being the presence of hope.

90
Q

Who’s person definition is this?

a unique irreplaceable individual - a one time being in this world- like yet
unlike any person who has ever lived or ever will live

A

Joyce travelbee

91
Q

a unique irreplaceable individual - a one time being in this world- like yet
unlike any person who has ever lived or ever will live

A

person

92
Q

Patients are only individual human beings in need of care, services and assistance of other human beings who can render the assistance that is needed.

A

Joyce Travelbee

93
Q

an individually defined state of well being in accord with self-appraisal of physical- emotional-spiritual status

A

Subjective health

94
Q

absence of discernible disease, disability or defect as measured by physical examination, laboratory tests and assessment by spiritual director or psychological counselor

A

Objective health

95
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this?

an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists
an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences

A

Joyce Travelbee

96
Q

an interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists
an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if necessary to find meaning in these experiences

A

nursing

97
Q

refers to any contact between a nurse and an ill person

A

nurse-patient interaction

98
Q

ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing intervention

A

Therapeutic use of self

99
Q

an experience or series of experiences between nurse and
patient

means thru which the purpose of nursing is accomplished

A

Human to human relationship

100
Q

What are the Phases of Travelbee’s model?

A
  1. original encounter
  2. emerging identities
  3. empathy
  4. sympathy
  5. rapport
101
Q

“actually there are no patients. There are only individual human beings in need of care, services and assistance of other human beings”

A

Joyce Travelbee

102
Q

“It is probable that the more an individual cares for, and about others, the greater the possibilities of suffering”. Hope is future oriented. Without hope, there is no direction for lessening suffering.”

A

Joyce Travelbee

103
Q

• First impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa.
• Stereotyped or traditional roles

A

Original Encounter

104
Q

• the time when relationship begins
• the nurse and patient perceive each other’s uniqueness

A

Emerging Identities

105
Q

• the ability to share in the person’s experience

A

Empathy

106
Q

• when the nurse wants to lessen the cause of patient’s suffering.

A

Sympathy

107
Q

described as nursing interventions that lessens the patient’s suffering.

A

Rapport

108
Q

To assist the individuals in overcoming obstacles that prevent meeting healthcare needs. She advocated that the nurse’s individual philosophy or central purpose lends credence to nursing care. She believed that nurses meet the individual’s need for help through identification of needs, administration of help, and validation that actions were helpful. Components of clinical practice: Philosophy, Purpose, Practice and an Art

A

Ernestine Wiedenbach

109
Q

What is the theory of Kathryn Bernard?

A

Child Health Assessment Model

110
Q

This theory concerns in improving the health of INFANTS and their families

A

Kathryn Barnard’s theory

111
Q

Parent-child interaction

A

Kathryn Barnard

112
Q

What is the theory of Ida Jean Orlando?

A

Nursing Process Theory

113
Q

“Patients have their own meanings and interpretations of situations, and therefore nurses must validate their inferences and analyses with patients before drawing conclusions.”

A

Ida Jean Orlando

114
Q

According to her, persons become patients requiring nursing care when they have needs for help that cannot be met independently because of their physical limitations, negative reactions to an environment, or experience that prevents them from communicating their needs.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

115
Q

The role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate needs for help.

A

Nursing Process Theory

116
Q

Allows nurses to formulate an effective nursing care plan that can also be easily adapted when and if any complexity comes up with the patient.

A

Nursing Process Theory

117
Q

all patient behavior can be a cry for help. Through these, the nurse’s job is to find out the nature of the patient’s distress and provide the help he or she needs.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

118
Q

Who’s human definition is this ?

she emphasizes individuality and the dynamic nature of the nurse-patient relationship. For her, humans in need are the focus of nursing practice.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

119
Q

Who’s health definition is this?

health is replaced by a sense of helplessness as the initiator of a necessity for nursing.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

120
Q

Who’s nursing definition is this?

nursing as unique and independent in its concerns for an individual’s need for help in an immediate situation. The efforts to meet the individual’s need for help are carried out in an interactive situation and in a disciplined manner that requires proper training.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

121
Q

5 subconcepts of Ida Jean Orlando

A

Function of Professional Nursing
Presenting Behavior
Immediate Reaction
Nursing Process Discipline
Improvement

122
Q

patient’s problematic situation.

A

Presenting Behavior

123
Q

internal response.

A

Immediate Reaction

124
Q

marks the beginning of the nursing process discipline.

A

Nurse Reaction

125
Q

nursing actions decided upon for reasons other than the patient’s immediate need.

A

Automatic Nursing Actions

126
Q

actions decided upon after ascertaining a need and then meeting this need

A

Deliberative Nursing Actions

127
Q

investigation into the patient’s needs.

A

Nursing Process Discipline

128
Q

5 stages of deliberative nursing process of Ida Jean Orlando

A

Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

129
Q

the nurse completes a holistic assessment of the patient’s needs.

A

Assessment

130
Q

uses the nurse’s clinical judgment about health problems.

A

diagnosis

131
Q

addresses each of the problems identified in the diagnosis.

A

Planning

132
Q

the nurse begins using the nursing care plan.

A

Implementation

133
Q

the nurse looks at the progress of the patient toward the goals set in the nursing care plan. Changes can be made to the nursing care plan based on how well (or poorly) the patient is progressing toward the goals.

A

Evaluation

134
Q

What is the theory of Jean Watson?

A

Transpersonal Caring

135
Q

“a valued person in and of him or herself to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in general a philosophical view of a person as a fully functional integrated self. He, human is viewed as greater than and different from, the sum of his or her parts”.

A

human

136
Q

o A high level of overall physical, mental and social functioning
o A general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning
o The absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that leads its absence)

A

Health

137
Q

According to Watson, caring (and nursing) has existed in every society. A caring attitude is not transmitted from generation to generation. It is transmitted by the culture of the profession as a unique way of coping with its environment.

A

Environment

138
Q

concerned with promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick and restoring health”.
• It focuses on health promotion and treatment of disease. She believes that holistic health care is central to the practice of caring in nursing.
• “A human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic and ethical human transactions”.

A

Nursing

139
Q

essence of nursing according to Watsons

A

Caring

140
Q

[Carative Factor]

is learned at an early age. It is a value shared with parents. One’s own life experiences are learning opportunities to gain insights about dealing with others.

A

Formation of humanistic - altruistic value system

141
Q

[Carative]
it can be developed through examination of one’s own views, beliefs, interactions with various cultures and personal growth experiences

A

Humanistic-Altruistic Values

142
Q

[Carative Factor]

There is a need for the nurse to develop and examine one’s own feelings. Through this process, increased sensitivity to others is developed. The nurse becomes honest and promotes self-growth and self-actualization.

A

CULTIVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO SELF AND OTHERS.

143
Q

[Carative]

This factor gives notice to the limitations nurses have in assessing the issue of developing a scientific base because most of our time is dedicated to the performance of nursing tasks such as procedures and treatments.

A

SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING

144
Q

[Carative]

Through this factor, persons (clients) gain control over their own health because it provides them with both information and alternatives

A

PROMOTION OF INTERPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING

145
Q

[Carative]

This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate the incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs. Thus the nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death.

A

ALLOWANCE FOR EXISTENTIAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL-SPIRITUAL FORCES

146
Q

special kind of human relationship that depends on :
o Nurse’s commitment on protecting and enhancing human dignity and a deeper/higher self
o Nurse’s caring consciousness to preserve and honor the embodied spirit, thereby not reducing the patient to a moral status of an object

A

Transpersonal Caring Relationships

147
Q

the moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created

A

Caring Occasion/Moment

148
Q

this theory focuses on health promotion and treatment of diseases

A

Transpersonal caring

149
Q

this theory concerns with how nurses care for their patients and how that caring progresses into better plans.

A

Transpersonal Caring

150
Q

Latin word which means “to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention, if not loving attention.

A

caritas

151
Q

What is the theory of Patric Bremmer

A

Novice to Expert

152
Q

This theory asserts that expert nurses develop
their knowledge of patient care and extensive skill set by obtaining
experiences collected over a course of time as well as having an education
background

A

Novice to Expert Theory

153
Q

5 stages or level of clinical competency

A

Novice
Advanced Beginner
Competent
Proficient
Expert

154
Q

• Beginner with no experience
• Taught general rules to help perform tasks
• Rules are: context-free, independent of specific cases, and applied
universally
• Rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible
• Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do it.”

A

Novice

155
Q

• Demonstrates acceptable performance
• Has gained prior experience in actual situations to recognize
recurring meaningful components
• Principles, based on experiences, begin to be formulated to guide
actions

A

Advanced Beginner

156
Q

• Typically a nurse with 2-3 year’s experience on the job in the same area or in similar day-to-day situations
• More aware of long-term goals
• Gains perspective from planning own actions based on conscious,
abstract, and analytical thinking and helps to achieve greater efficiency and organization

A

Competent

157
Q

• Perceives and understands situations as whole parts
• More holistic understanding improves decision-making
• Learns from experiences what to expect in certain situations and
how to modify plans

A

PROFICIENT

158
Q

• No longer relies on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions
• Much more background of experience
• Has intuitive grasp of clinical situations
• Performance is now fluid, flexible, and highly-proficient

A

EXPERT

159
Q

Describe as caring relationship and condition and connection. Caring is primary because caring self is set possibility of giving help and receiving help.

A

Nursing

160
Q

Describe as self- interpreting being and effortless nonreflective understanding of the self in the world

A

Person

161
Q

Define as what is assessed, whereas well-being is the human experience of health or wholeness. Well-being and being ill are understood as distinct ways of being in the world.

A

Health

162
Q

What is the Theory of Myra Estrin Levine?

A

Conservation Model

163
Q

What is the essence of nursing according to Levine?

A

Human interaction

164
Q

this theory focuses in promoting adaptation and maintaining wholeness using the principles of conservation.

A

Conservation Model

165
Q

• the process of change
• a life process by which, overtime, people maintain their wholeness or integrity as they respond to environmental challenges
• the consequence of interaction between the person and the environment
• achieved through the “frugal, economic, contained, and controlled use of environmental resources by the individual in his or her best interest”

A

Adaptation

166
Q

sound, organic, progressive mutuality between diversified functions and parts within an entirety, the boundaries of which are open and fluent

A

Wholeness

167
Q

• the product of adaptation
• describes how complex systems continue to function in the face of severe challenges
• Through conservation, individuals are able to confront obstacles, adapt accordingly, and maintain their uniqueness.
• The primary focus of conservation is keeping together of the wholeness of the individual.

A

Conservation

168
Q

4 Principles of Conservation

A

Principle of conservation of energy
Principle of conservation of structural integrity
Principle of conservation of personal integrity
Principle of conservation of social integrity

169
Q
  • balancing the patient’s energy output and energy input to avoid excessive fatigue (rest, nutrition, exercise)
A

Principle of conservation of energy

170
Q
  • focusing attention on healing by maintaining or restoring the structure of the body through prevention of physical breakdown (promoting healing)
A

Principle of conservation of structural integrity

171
Q
  • maintaining or restoring the individual patient’s sense of identity, self-worth (recognition of unique qualities)
A

Principle of conservation of personal integrity

172
Q
  • acknowledging patients as social beings (especially with significant others)
A

Principle of conservation of social integrity

173
Q

[Levine]

• a holistic being who constantly strives to preserve wholeness and integrity
• continually adapting in their interactions with their environment
• has a sense of identity and self worth

A

Human Being

174
Q

[Levine]

• completes the wholeness of the individual.
• The individual has both an internal and external environment.

A

Environment

175
Q
  • combines the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of the individual and is constantly challenged by the external environment
A

internal environment

176
Q
  • divided into the perceptual, operational, and conceptual environments
A

external environment

177
Q

• consist of information that is recorded by the sensory organs
• encompasses that part of the environment to which individuals respond with their sense organs
• includes light, sound, touch, temperature, chemical change that is smelled or tasted, and position sense and balance

A

Perceptual Environment

178
Q

• consist of those undetected natural forces that impinge on the individual
• that portion of the external environment which interacts with living tissue even though the individual does not possess sensory organs that can record the presence of these factors
• includes those aspects of the environment that are not directly perceived, such as radiation, odorless and colorless pollutants, and microorganisms

A

Operational Environment

179
Q

• the environment of language, ideas, symbols, concepts, and invention
• encompasses the exchange of language, the ability to think and experience emotion, value systems, religious beliefs, ethnic and cultural traditions, and individual psychological patterns that come from life experiences

A

Conceptual environment

180
Q

Levine

• the goal of conservation
• the ability to function in a reasonably normal manner
• “a wholeness and successful adaptation”

A

Health

181
Q

Levine

• involves engaging in “human interactions” - “The nurse enters into a partnership of human experience where sharing moments in time—some trivial, some dramatic—leaves its mark forever on each patient”
• The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation and maintain wholeness (health).
• The goal of nursing is accomplished through the use of the conservation principles: energy, structure, personal, and social integrity.

A

Nursing

182
Q

oneness of the individual, emphasizing that they respond in an integrated, singular fashion to
environmental
challenges

A

Integrity

183
Q

What is the theory of Martha Rogers?

A

Science of Unitary Human Beings

184
Q

the fundamental unit of both the living and nonliving

A

energy field

185
Q

“provide a way to perceive people and environment as irreducible wholes”

A

Energy field