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Honors Biology 9th Grade HHS > Midterm Study Review > Flashcards

Midterm Study Review Flashcards

Midterm Study Review

1
Q

Is Glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

anaerobic

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2
Q

Is The Krebs Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic

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3
Q

Is The Electron Transport Chain aerobic or anaerobic?

A

aerobic

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4
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

In the cytoplasm

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5
Q

Where does The Krebs Cycle take place?

A

Matrix of Mitocondria

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6
Q

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

A

Inner Membrane of Mitocondria

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7
Q

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

A

Glucose

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8
Q

What are the reactants of Krebs Cycle?

A

Pyruvates

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9
Q

What are the reactants of Electron Transport Chain?

A

2 NADH/FADH2 (energy carriers)

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10
Q

How much ATP does Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle make?

A

2 ATP

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11
Q

How much ATP does the electron transport chain make?

A

34

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12
Q

What is the photosynthesis equation?

A

C02 + H20 + ATP => C6H1206 + 02

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13
Q

What is the cellular respiration equation?

A

C6H1206 + 02 => ATP + H20 + C02

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14
Q

What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To break down sugar into energy

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15
Q

What is pyruvate?

A

The end product of glycolysis, its a split glucose molecule.

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16
Q

What are light dependent reactions?

A

Reactions that need light

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17
Q

Where are light dependent reactions happening?

A

thykaloid membranes

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18
Q

What is the calvin cycle, does it need light?

A

The calvin cycle doesnt need light

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19
Q

Where does the calvin cycle happen?

A

In the stroma

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20
Q

Name 3 Monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Ribose

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21
Q

Name 3 Disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

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22
Q

Name 3 Pollysaccharides

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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23
Q

What compounds are enzymes made of?

A

Proteins

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of secondary protein structure?

A

alpha helix and b plated sheets

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25
Q

Where are carbohydrates typically found in cells?

A

cytoplasm

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26
Q

What is polarity?

A

The partial charges

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27
Q

What is a hydrogen bond formed between?

A

An oxygen and a hydrogen molecule

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28
Q

What is high specific heat capacity?

A

The ability for water to take a long time to boil

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29
Q

PH = 14 acid or base?

A

Base

30
Q

PH = 7 acid or base?

A

Neutral

31
Q

PH = 2 acid or base?

A

Acid

32
Q

What is the monomer of lipids?

A

Fatty Acids + Glycerol

33
Q

Monomer of protiens

A

Amino Acids

34
Q

Monomer of Nucleic Acids

A

Nucleotide

35
Q

Does facillitated diffusion use a transport protein?

A

yes

36
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Small particles going easily through the membrane of a cell

37
Q

What does the smooth er produce?

A

lipids such as hormones, steroids and hormones

38
Q

What does the rough er produce?

A

ribosomes and it also makes proteins

39
Q

What does the golgi do?

A

processes and packages lipids and proteins

40
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

stores water and toxins (storage)

41
Q

What does the lysosome do?

A

breaks down food with enyzmes

42
Q

polar is hydrophilic true of false

A

true

43
Q

are non polar molecules hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

A

hydrophobic

44
Q

Why is water polar?

A

becuase of the slight negative oxygen and slight positive hydrogens

45
Q

What is the products of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvates/Energy NADH

46
Q

What is the products of krebs cycle?

A

ATP, CO2, FADH2, NADH

47
Q

What is the products of the electron transport chain?

A

ATP, Water

48
Q

What happens during transcription?

A

mRNA is produced

49
Q

Where does transcription happen?

A

The nucleus

50
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

tRNA, mRNA & rRNA

51
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

tells the cell what protein to make

52
Q

What does rRNA do?

A

along with proteins, it makes 2 parts of the ribosome

53
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

transport specific amino acids to the ribosome and interpret mRNA code

54
Q

What enzyme unzips dna to make rna?

A

helicase

55
Q

What are introns?

A

pieces of mRNA that wont be included in the final mRNA

56
Q

What are exons?

A

pieces of DNA that are for particular proteins, they are included in the final mRNA

57
Q

What is translation?

A

the synthesis of protein from mRNA, happens in the cytoplasm

58
Q

What are the 3 things that happen in transcription?

A
  1. DNA is unzipped
  2. mRNA edited to remove introns
  3. Send finished mRNA
59
Q

What are the base pairs in mRNA?

A

A-U and C-G

60
Q

What is an anti-codon?

A

3 base pairs in the end of mRNA

61
Q

What are the 5 Steps of Translation?

A
  1. Ribosome Attaches to mRNA
  2. Ribosome reads mRNA/code
  3. tRNA with amino acids attaches
  4. Bonds form between amino acids
  5. Translation stops when the ribosome reaches stop codon
62
Q

Purines are

A

Adenine and Guanine

63
Q

Pyrimidines are

A

Thymine and Cytosine

64
Q

How many bonds are between adenine and thymine?

A

2

65
Q

How many bonds are between cytosine and guanine?

A

3

66
Q

What 3 letter codon starts translation?

A

AUG

67
Q

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis that is essential for the Calvin Cycle?

A

ATP + NADPH

68
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

cell eating another smaller cell
(NOM)

69
Q

What is lysis?

A

breakdown of cell because of cell membrane

70
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Cell drinking (yummy pinocola)

71
Q

Is cholesterol polar or nonpolar?

A

non polar

72
Q

is polar hydrophilic or phobic

A

hydrophillic

Honors Biology 9th Grade HHS (16 decks)

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