Midterm Study Review Flashcards
Midterm Study Review
Is Glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
Is The Krebs Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
Is The Electron Transport Chain aerobic or anaerobic?
aerobic
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
Where does The Krebs Cycle take place?
Matrix of Mitocondria
Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?
Inner Membrane of Mitocondria
What are the reactants of glycolysis?
Glucose
What are the reactants of Krebs Cycle?
Pyruvates
What are the reactants of Electron Transport Chain?
2 NADH/FADH2 (energy carriers)
How much ATP does Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle make?
2 ATP
How much ATP does the electron transport chain make?
34
What is the photosynthesis equation?
C02 + H20 + ATP => C6H1206 + 02
What is the cellular respiration equation?
C6H1206 + 02 => ATP + H20 + C02
What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration?
To break down sugar into energy
What is pyruvate?
The end product of glycolysis, its a split glucose molecule.
What are light dependent reactions?
Reactions that need light
Where are light dependent reactions happening?
thykaloid membranes
What is the calvin cycle, does it need light?
The calvin cycle doesnt need light
Where does the calvin cycle happen?
In the stroma
Name 3 Monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Ribose
Name 3 Disaccharides
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Name 3 Pollysaccharides
Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen
What compounds are enzymes made of?
Proteins
What are the 2 types of secondary protein structure?
alpha helix and b plated sheets
Where are carbohydrates typically found in cells?
cytoplasm
What is polarity?
The partial charges
What is a hydrogen bond formed between?
An oxygen and a hydrogen molecule
What is high specific heat capacity?
The ability for water to take a long time to boil
PH = 14 acid or base?
Base
PH = 7 acid or base?
Neutral
PH = 2 acid or base?
Acid
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty Acids + Glycerol
Monomer of protiens
Amino Acids
Monomer of Nucleic Acids
Nucleotide
Does facillitated diffusion use a transport protein?
yes
What is simple diffusion?
Small particles going easily through the membrane of a cell
What does the smooth er produce?
lipids such as hormones, steroids and hormones
What does the rough er produce?
ribosomes and it also makes proteins
What does the golgi do?
processes and packages lipids and proteins
What does the vacuole do?
stores water and toxins (storage)
What does the lysosome do?
breaks down food with enyzmes
polar is hydrophilic true of false
true
are non polar molecules hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
hydrophobic
Why is water polar?
becuase of the slight negative oxygen and slight positive hydrogens
What is the products of glycolysis?
Pyruvates/Energy NADH
What is the products of krebs cycle?
ATP, CO2, FADH2, NADH
What is the products of the electron transport chain?
ATP, Water
What happens during transcription?
mRNA is produced
Where does transcription happen?
The nucleus
What are the 3 types of RNA?
tRNA, mRNA & rRNA
What does mRNA do?
tells the cell what protein to make
What does rRNA do?
along with proteins, it makes 2 parts of the ribosome
What does tRNA do?
transport specific amino acids to the ribosome and interpret mRNA code
What enzyme unzips dna to make rna?
helicase
What are introns?
pieces of mRNA that wont be included in the final mRNA
What are exons?
pieces of DNA that are for particular proteins, they are included in the final mRNA
What is translation?
the synthesis of protein from mRNA, happens in the cytoplasm
What are the 3 things that happen in transcription?
- DNA is unzipped
- mRNA edited to remove introns
- Send finished mRNA
What are the base pairs in mRNA?
A-U and C-G
What is an anti-codon?
3 base pairs in the end of mRNA
What are the 5 Steps of Translation?
- Ribosome Attaches to mRNA
- Ribosome reads mRNA/code
- tRNA with amino acids attaches
- Bonds form between amino acids
- Translation stops when the ribosome reaches stop codon
Purines are
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines are
Thymine and Cytosine
How many bonds are between adenine and thymine?
2
How many bonds are between cytosine and guanine?
3
What 3 letter codon starts translation?
AUG
Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis that is essential for the Calvin Cycle?
ATP + NADPH
What is phagocytosis?
cell eating another smaller cell
(NOM)
What is lysis?
breakdown of cell because of cell membrane
What is pinocytosis?
Cell drinking (yummy pinocola)
Is cholesterol polar or nonpolar?
non polar
is polar hydrophilic or phobic
hydrophillic