Midterm Second Quarter Week 7 On

Question 1

Examples of Imprinting Behaviors

Answer 1

• a hawk raised by humans will not mate with another hawk
• geese follow the first moving stimulus they see after hatching

Question 2

Examples of Spatial Learning Behaviors

Answer 2

• a rat can navigate a maze by using landmarks
• grey squirrels can relocate buried food
• an octopus can navigate in a new tank after a 24-hour period

Question 3

Examples of Conditioning

Answer 3

• a dolphin associates with sound of a clicker with a food reward
• a pigeon is trained to push a level for a food reward

Question 4

Examples of Cognition

Answer 4

• capuchins can modify a stick to obtain candy
• a chimpanzee teaches sign language to another chimpanzee
• a captive orca discovers how to use fish to lure seagulls

Question 5

What is an example of proximate cause?

Answer 5

people sleep at night because a molecule that accumulates during the day has an effect on the sleep centers of the brain

Question 6

What is an example that describes an ultimate cause?

Answer 6

birds have hollow bones because hollow bones increased the fitness of their ancestors by allowing them to run faster and capture prey more efficiently

Question 7

Complex Behaviors are determined by?

Answer 7

• a number of genes
• as well as environmental factors (nature vs nature)

Question 8

Genetic Components of behavior

Answer 8

can evolve through natural selection

Question 9

What is true about deuterostomes?

Answer 9

• have a coelom
• have a similar pattern of early embryonic development
• are triploblastic
• have three tissue layers
• exhibit bilateral symmetry

Question 10

What structures were innovations that occurred during vertebrate diversification?

Answer 10

• bone
• amniotic egg
• jaws

Question 11

What characteristic distinguishes echinoderms from the other deuterostome lineages?

Answer 11

• their body plan
• echinoderms exhibit a unique body plan characterized by an endoskeleton and a water vascular system

Question 12

Chordates

Answer 12

• defined by the presence of four morphological traits
• a notochord
• a dorsal nerve cord
• pharyngeal gill slits
• a tail behind the anus

Question 13

A pharyngeal gill slit

Answer 13

• is an opening into the throat
• can be used for feeding or gas exchange

Question 14

Transitional Fossil

Answer 14

have features that are intermediate between ancestors and descendants

Question 15

What are tetrapods?

Answer 15

• mammals
• birds
• amphibians
• reptiles
• their limbs are built with the one bone, two bones, many bones, digits arrangement

Question 16

What evidence supports the hypothesis that four-limbed animals came from fish?

Answer 16

• fish and four-limbed animals have very similar embryos
• the fossil record shows more and more tetrapod-like fish before the appearance of tetrapods about 365 million years ago
• DNA analysis show that fish are tetrapods’ closest relatives
• both fish and four-limbed animals are vertebrates