Midterm II Flashcards
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
G1, G0, S,G2, and M
What occurs in each phase of the cell cycle?
In the G1 phase the cell decides to enter G0 or S phase, in S phase there is DNA synthesis, G2 allows the cell prepares the cell for entering the M phase, the M phase is where cell division occurs
What are the phases in mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle and their location?
Before entering the S phase, there is a checkpoint that checks DNA damage, if genome is damaged the cell will not enter the S phase. Before entering the G2 phase, DNA replication is checked, if genome is damaged replication will be halted. Before entering the M phase, DNA replication is checked for completion.
Why are CDKs upregulated and derugulated?
to prevent the cell from slipping backward into another one allowing them to advance
What is the “R” point?
This is the restriction point which determine if the cell will continue. It is the point of no return.
What is the governor of the R point?
pRB tumor suppressor gene
What makes pRB tumor suppression gene the governor of the R point?
if its functions are lost then mutation and chromosomal RB gene copies, methylation of promote region or DNA tumor virus oncoproteins occur. Then the protein can no longer stand as the guardian.
