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Geography Of Canada > Midterm Content > Flashcards

Midterm Content Flashcards

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1
Q

Order of Canadian provinces/territories joining Canada

A

1867: ON, QU, NB, NS
1870: MN, NWT
1871: BC
1873: PEI
1898: YK
1905: AL, SK
1949: NL
1999: NU

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2
Q

When was Canada gain independence from Britain/Confederation

A

1867

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3
Q

Example of a core

A

Toronto

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4
Q

Example of a subcore

A

Halifax
Victoria
Vancouver
Calgary

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5
Q

When does NAFTA created and abolished

A

Started: 1988
Ended: 1994

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6
Q

When did CUSMA start

A

2020

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7
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Drying/cooling of lava

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8
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Layers and layers of other rocks build up

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9
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Pressure applies to form rock

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10
Q

Continental Glacier

A

Glacier that covers entire continent (ex: Antarctica)

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11
Q

Alpine Glacier

A

Glacier cover mountain top

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12
Q

Arete

A

Spine side of mountain

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13
Q

Cirque

A

Semi circle shaped alpine glacier

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14
Q

Order of importance for climate controls

A
  1. Latitude
  2. Altitude
  3. Distance to water
  4. Ocean currents
  5. Topography (valleys)
  6. Wind
  7. Pressure system
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15
Q

Growing season

A

Days between first and last frost

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16
Q

Orography

A

One side of mountain experiences rain.

The other side does not

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17
Q

Desert

A

< 250 mm / year

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18
Q

Convection

A

Thunderstorms via hot air coming off the ground (summer afternoons)

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19
Q

Xerophyte

A

Waxy exterior on leaf to protect against moisture loss (ex: succulent)

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20
Q

Krumholz

A

Plant bends in one direction based on the wind blowing

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21
Q

Continuous permafrost

A

80%+ forever frozen soil

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22
Q

Discontinuous Permafrost

A

30% - 80% forever frozen soil

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23
Q

Sporadic Permafrost

A

< 30% forever frozen soil

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24
Q

Aspect

A

Direction slope faces

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25
Q

Talik

A

Permafrost free under lake

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26
Q

Open Talik

A

At least one side not encapsulated with permafrost

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27
Q

Closed Talik

A

All sides enclosed by permafrost

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28
Q

Through Talik

A

Deep down no permafrost

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29
Q

Cryosolic Soil

A

Frozen soil
Found in permafrost land

30
Q

Podzolic Soil

A

Cool and moist
Take in a lot of moisture via pores

31
Q

Luvisolic Soil

A

In humid areas
High levels of organic material

32
Q

Chernozemic Soil

A

Dry
Small pores = low moisture

33
Q

Drainage Basin

A

Water that falls on that land gets drain into that river

34
Q

Divide

A

Boundary of drainage basin
Can be continental divide

35
Q

Input of Drainage Basins

A
  • Precipitation
  • Snowmelt
36
Q

Output of Drainage Basins

A
  • Evaporation
37
Q

Positive Feedback Effect

A

Melted ice = more blue ocean
- Ice white can not reflect sunlight
- Absorb the heat sunlight into water
- Makes warmer

38
Q

Thule Peoples

A

Ancestors of Inuit Peoples

39
Q

When was the British Conquest of New France (Quebec)

A

1759

40
Q

Equalization Payments

A

Goal: To have equal wealth among Canada’s provinces

Wealthy provinces share the wealth to poor provinces

41
Q

Have Provinces

A

Give money
- BC (fish)
- AB (oil)
- SK (wheat)
- ON
- NL (fish)

42
Q

Have Not Provinces

A

Get money
- MB
- QU
- NB
- NS
- PEI

43
Q

When did the last residential school close

A

1996

44
Q

Population Density

A

of people / land area

45
Q

Arable Land

A

Land where you expect people to be based on climate and topography

46
Q

Ecumene

A

Habitable part of country

47
Q

Population Distribution

A

How spread out people are in geographical region

48
Q

Urban Population

A

1000+ people

400 people/km2

49
Q

Census Metropolitan Area

A

High social and economic area + it’s neighbouring areas

Ex: Toronto, Montreal, London

50
Q

Urban Sprawl

A

Uncontrollable expansion of urban areas

51
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

/ 1000 per year

52
Q

Crude Death Rate

A

/ 1000 per year

53
Q

Replacement Fertility

A

of kids for women to replace herself

2.1
- 0.1 death rate
- 1 boy
- 1 girl to give birth and continue cycle

54
Q

Phase 1: Late Pre-Industrial

A

High birth rate
High death rate

55
Q

Phase 2: Early Industrial

A

High birth rate
Less deaths

56
Q

Phase 3: Last Industrial

A

Less birth rate

57
Q

Phase 4: Early Post-Industrial

A

Low birth rate
Low death rate

58
Q

Phase 5: Late Post-Industrial

A

More death than birth

59
Q

Youth Dependent Ratio Trend

A

Less youth being born

60
Q

Old Age Dependent Ratio Trend

A

Increasing people entering their old age

61
Q

Allophone

A

Native language is not English, French or an Indigenous language

62
Q

Ethnic Group

A

Share a culture that is different from others

63
Q

Culture

A

Learned collective behaviour in group

64
Q

Hutterites

A

Similar to Amish
Use technology
Live old school
Pacificist

65
Q

Pacifism

A

Believe in peace; no wars or violence

66
Q

Cultural Moasic

A

Similar to an art mosaic
Different ethnic groups living among each other but can distinctly tell them apart

67
Q

Melting Pot

A

Different ethnic groups becoming homogenous (ex: all waving the American flag)

68
Q

Ethnocentricity

A

Belief that one ethnic group is superior than others

69
Q

Primary Economic Sector

A

Natural resources (ex: forestry, mining, hunting)

70
Q

Secondary Economic Sector

A

Manufacturing raw goods (ex: making paper)

71
Q

Tertiary Economic Sector

A

Selling goods/services (ex: clothing store, school)

72
Q

Quaternary Economic Sector

A

Knowledge and decision making (ex: research)

Geography Of Canada (1 decks)

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