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Farm midterm > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Meristems

A

plant tissues in which cells divide to reproduce

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2
Q

Monocotyledons

A

grasses palms lilies orchids

phloem and xylem are dispersed

the first shoot from the seed has 1 leaf

Flower parts of three or multiples of three

Parallel lease veins

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3
Q

Dicotyledons

A

just centralized tubes

the first shoot from a seed has 2 leaves

flower parts in fours or fives or multiples

Netted lease ends

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4
Q

male part of flower

A

stamen

,anther holds pollen

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5
Q

female part of flower

A

female part is pistil

ovary contains ovules

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6
Q

Annuals

A

complete a full life cycle in one year

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7
Q

perennials

A

continue growing for many years

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8
Q

biennials

A

require 2 growing cycles, or two years

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9
Q

Micro climates

A 
Why is that important
Different levels of sunlight
Closer to a tree, less sun
Soil structure
Slopes
Shading with other crops
Which ones do we have on our farm
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10
Q

Self pollinating vs cross polinating (rice, wheat hybrids, crossing)

A

Rice and wheat are mostly self pollinators

Cross polinate for hybrids and hybrid vigor

Benefit of cross - robust diverse genetics

Self - dont usually rely on animal polination

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11
Q

Maintenance of biodiversity

A 
Genetic
Species
Varietals
Cultivars
Functional group
Temporal
Insect
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12
Q

Tap roots

A

deep access to h20

Tap roots can break hard pan

Veritical mixing

Access water

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13
Q

Fibrous adds

A

Fibrous adds biomass

Erosion prevention

root hairs

soil structure

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14
Q

soil components

A

sand, silt, and clay

loamy soil is made of the three equals

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15
Q

Worms purpose

A

provide water and nutrients

Do better with no till

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16
Q

arthropods purpose

A

break up organic matter

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17
Q

bacteria purpose

A

make nutrients available to plants

18
Q

fungi purpose

A

increase uptake of water and nutrients and increase aggregation

compete with plant pathogens

parasitize plants and soil animals

stabilize soil structure

19
Q

Nematodes

A

most abundant fauna

promote decomposition and nutrient cycling

20
Q

humus purpose

A

decrease crusting and clotting,

improves internal drainage,

increased water and nutrient holding capacity,

which make easier tillage reduced erosion,

deeper better root systems

21
Q

tilth

A

soil quality as it relates to tillage

22
Q

tillage (bads)

A

reduces soil organic matter and increases erosion rates

tillage adds oxygen which increases decomposition

too much nitrogen increases microbial activity and increases decomposition

23
Q

soil horizons

A

soil horizons OAEBCR

A is organic matter and most productive
E is zone of eluviation, few solubles and organics
B zone of deposition, clay and humus accumulate
C is parent material, unaffected

24
Q

“green maure”

A

using past field in soil

25
Q

winter cover crops

A

often legumes, cover land during winter

26
Q

summer green manure crop

A

legumes for nitrogen and organic mater

non legumes for biomass, smother weeds, and improve soil tilth

27
Q

living mulch

A

interplanted with annual or perennial cash crop

28
Q

catch crop

A

short term crops after harvest to prevent erosion and nutrient leeching

29
Q

forage crop

A

pasturage or haying and as green manure

30
Q

main cover crop purpose

A

erosion and leeching

31
Q

weed suppression (cover crop)

A

allopathic plants inhibit nearby plants with toxins like rye and sorghum

mulch is good too

32
Q

compost purposes

A

improves structure and nutrients

increases organic matter to prevent nutrient leeching

33
Q

best place for compost pile

A

pile is optimally located under a deciduous oak tree or other deciduous tree for shade (moisture)

34
Q

optimal size of compost

A

1 meter by 1 meter to maximize internal insulation

35
Q

optimal compost time of year

A

spring or autumn for maximum microbial activity and medium heat

36
Q

optimal compost ratios

A

45:45:10

37
Q

don’t use in compost

A 
dog poop, 
poisonous plants, 
plants with toxic acids, 
plants insect eggs or disease,
Ivy and succulents
38
Q

nitrogens in compost

A

greens which are manure, coffee grounds, grass, veggies

39
Q

Carbons in compost

A

brown which are sawdusts, straw, leaves, paper

40
Q

Integrated Pest Management

A 
breaks in crop cycles
physical barriers
sticky traps 
pheromone disruption
bug vaccums
organic insecticides

Farm midterm (1 decks)

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