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Holistic Health > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

prurititis

A
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2
Q

vitilago

A
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3
Q

ephelides

A

freckles:

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4
Q

nevus

A

mole - rapid growth of melanocytes, tan and

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5
Q

junctional nevus

A

common in children

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6
Q

compound nevus

A

common in adults

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7
Q

pallor

A

common in high stress states

skin takes on color of connective tissue

can be seen in conjunctiva

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8
Q

erythema

A

intense redness from

cheeks, neck, upper chest

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9
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish and mottled discoloration
decreased perfusion
seen on lips, oral mucosa, and tongue

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10
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discolouration of skin - increased bilirubin

location: hard and soft palate junction,
sclera, conjunctiva

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11
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating

can be increased metabolic rate

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12
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in intercellular spaces

normally not present

imprint thumbs firmly against ankle malleolus

graded on a four point scale

1+ mild pitting when pressing down, no clear visible swelling
2+ moderate indentation/pitting that goes away rapidly
3+ deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, swelling of leg(s)
4+ very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, gross swelling and distortion of their leg(s)

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13
Q

turgor

A

ability of skin to return to place when tugged on and then released

anterior aspect of chest under the clavicle is the best place to test on elderly

decreases with edema

tenting; skin stays up - this means dehydration

can be done on fingers but not as accurate

scleroderma can impact this

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14
Q

vascularity or bruising

A

cherry angiomas: smooth, brightly raised red dots, appear on trunk over the age of 30 and are non significant

ecchymosis: consistent with a pattern of injury/trauma

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15
Q

primary lesion

A

previously unaltered skin

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16
Q

secondary lesion

A

may arise from primary trauma

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17
Q

lesion characteristics

A 
color
elevation
pattern or shape
size in centimetres
location and distribution
exudate: anything coming out of the wound
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18
Q

blanching

A
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19
Q

exudate (of skin)

A

C&S

swab for culture and sensitivity

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20
Q

lesion shape: annular/circular

A

circular pattern
tinnea corporis usually - ringworm
started in

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21
Q

confluent lesion

A

lesions that merge together, blotchy

hives -

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22
Q

grouped/clustered lesions

A

contact dermatitis

clustered rash

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23
Q

discrete lesions

A

individuals lesions that remain seperate
round painless bumps
like melascom

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24
Q

gyrate lesions

A

twisted, coiled or snake like looking lesion

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25
Q

linear

A

scratch, streak, line

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26
Q

polycyclic lesion

A

ring shaped lesions that grow together

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27
Q

target lesion

A

iris looking, associated with lyme disease

“bull’s eye rash”

28
Q

zosteriform lesion

A

linear pattern region along a nerve root/dermatone

common with shingles - varicella zosters, herpes simplex

shingles: will not cross the midline of the body - never crosses over

more common over 60 but can be in younger groups.

has to be treated within 72 hours - with an antiviral

29
Q

primary lesions

A 
macule
papule
patch
plaque
nodule
wheal
tumour
urticaria
vesicle
cyst
bulla
pustule
30
Q

secondary lesions

A 
crust
scale
fissure
erosion
ulcer
excoriation
scar
atrophic scar
lichenificaton
keloid
31
Q

vesicle

A 
elevated
filled with fluid
up to 1 cm in diameter
herpes simplex
shingles

can be contagious with they burst

32
Q

primary

macule

A

flat
less than 1 cm
color change on the skin

freckle, petichiae

33
Q

primary lesion: nodule

A
34
Q

primary lesion: bulla

A

single chamber, superficial, greater than 1cm
thick wall, easily ruprtured

example: blister

35
Q

primary lesions:pustular

A

elevated, more circular

example: acne

36
Q

primary lesions: cyst

A

encapsulated fluid in a core, in dermis and subcutaneous layer, and elevated

37
Q

secondary lesions: atrophic scar

A

tissue loss

thinning of epidermis

38
Q

secondary lesion: erosion

A

superficial, shoallow depressioni n lost epidermis, moist, no active bleeding

39
Q

secondary lesions: lichenification

A

tightly packed papules from intense scratching, tough skin

40
Q

secondary lesions: scales

A

silvery, dry, flakes of skin, dead excess keratin cells, common in psoriasis

41
Q

secondary lesions: crust

A
42
Q

secondary lesions: lichenification

A
43
Q

secondary lesions: fissure

A

linear cracks of dermis and epidermis with abrupt edges that can be seen clearly

can be dry or moist

common with athletes foot

44
Q

secondary lesions: scar

A

collagen buildup, replaces a normal tissue after trauma, example surgical scar

45
Q

secondary lesions: ulcer

A

irregular in shape
can bleed
goes into dermis and can go all the way down to the bone.

example: pressure ulcer

46
Q

vascular lesions

A

hemangiomas: increased blood growth in the dermis, mature or immature, can be flat or elevated.
port wine: don’t disappear
strawberry mark: immature

telangie: vascular dialations and are visible on the surface
- spider or star angioma
venous lake

  1. purpuric lesions; blood flows out and deposits in tissues
    a. petechiae: very small 1-3mm
    b. purpura: merged patch of petechiae
    c. ecchymosis ( brusuie) : leakage of blood into skin that is greater than 3mm
    2
47
Q

contusion: lesion of trauma

A 
lesion caused by trauma or abuse
or
bleeding disorders
dosnt blanch
color changes with healing time

can be associated with liver dysfunction

48
Q

hematoma: truama lesion

A

can be found at site of surgery

excess bleeding under the surface of the skin

49
Q

lesions caused by trauma; pattern injury

A

injuries like scalding, bite marks, belt marks, cigarette burns, deformities in the limbs due to untreated fractures, dog bite wounds - prone to infection - rabies.

50
Q

lyme disease

A

infectious disease
transmitted by ticks or small rodents
common in wooden areas
increased risk in late spring and summer

onset: small red bump similar to mosquito bite appears after tick bite

fever
rash: bull’s eye rash - erythemia migrans

can cause facial paralysis, arthritis, shortness of breath, inflammation of brain and spinal cord

treatment: doxicycline (not for under 9), antibiotic

prevention:

51
Q

pressure injury

A

skin breakdown due to impaired circulation

classified according to stages

prevalence of 4% acute-care
30% in complex care

common sites:
Back: heel, ischium, sacrum, elbow, scapula, vertebra
side: anke, knee, hip, rib, shoulder

52
Q

pressure injury risk factors

A
  1. Impaired mobility (immobility/confined to bed)
  2. Thin fragile skin of aging
  3. Decreased sensory perception
  4. Impaired level of consciousness
  5. Moisture
  6. Shearing injury
  7. Poor nutrition
  8. Infection
53
Q

pressure injury stages

A
  1. non-blanchable erythema without a breach in epidermis
  2. partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and dermis
  3. full-thickness skin loss extending into the subcutaneous tissue but not through underlying fascia
  4. full thickness skin loss through fascia with extensive tissue destruction, involving muscle, bone, tendon or joint
54
Q

pressure injury: unstageable

A

full thickness wound but inability to see it due to slough or black dead tissue.

55
Q

pressure injury: deep tissue

A

persistent, non blanchable, deep red or purple, maroon, intact skin, caused by damage to underlying tissue

56
Q

braden scale

A

used to predict pressure sore risk
assess risk of six areas

  1. sensory perception: can they feel the region
  2. moisture
  3. activity
  4. mobility
  5. nutrition
  6. friction and shear

The lower the score, the higher the risk
The higher the score, the lower the risk

57
Q

hair: structure

A
58
Q

new born hair

A

lanugo: fine downy hair, gestation age association -

vellus hair: by 1 month

terminal hair: soft and patchy

59
Q

adolescent hair

A

accelerated growth

pubic, axillary and facial hair develop

60
Q

older adults hair

A

decreased melanocytes - grey/white hair
thin and fine
decrease in axillary and pubic hair
bristly facial hair in females

61
Q

female pattern hair loss

A

general all around hair loss

62
Q

alopecia

A

significant loss of hair associated with increased stress,…..

can be symmetrical and can have associated symptoms

unusual: PCOS, facial hair, change in hair texture - hirsutism

63
Q

seborrhea

A
64
Q

nails: structure and function

A
65
Q

subungual hematoma

A

Holistic Health (1 decks)

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