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Y2 Dermatology > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

In reference to bacterial virulence what is adhesin?

A

The ability of an organism to bind to host tissue

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2
Q

In reference to bacterial virulence what is impedin?

A

The ability of an organism to avoid the hosts immune system

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3
Q

In reference to bacterial virulence what is aggressin?

A

The ability of an organism to cause damage a host directly

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4
Q

In reference to bacterial virulence what is modulin?

A

The ability of an organism to cause damage to a host indirectly

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5
Q

In reference to bacterial virulence what is invasin?

A

The ability of an organism to invade a hosts cells/tissues

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6
Q

What is the main defining feature of Staph.aureus as opposed to other staphylococci?

A

It can produce coagulase

This allows it to coagulate blood plasma

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7
Q

What is TSST-1?

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

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8
Q

What is the time scale of TSST-1 action?

A

Rapid progression within 48 hours

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of TSST-1 positive Staph.aureus infection?

A 
High fever
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Sore throat
Myalgia
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10
Q

How does TSST-1 work?

A

It functions as a super antigen

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11
Q

What is TSST-1 associated with?

A

Toxic shock syndrome

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12
Q

What does exfoliatin toxin cause?

A

Scalded skin syndrome?

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13
Q

Which toxin causes scalded skin syndrome?

A

Exfoliatin toxin

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14
Q

What does exfoliatin toxin do?

A

Cause the break down of the epidermis

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15
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome?

A

A “cytokine storm” in response to TSST-1 from a Staph.aureus infection

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16
Q

What are the 4 diagnostic criteria for toxic shock syndrome?

A

A fever > 39°C
Diffuse macular rash and desuamation (skin peeling)
≤ 90 mmHg systolic pressure
≥ 3 organ systems involved

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17
Q

What are adhesins?

A

Extracellular matrix molecules on the epi/endothelial surfaces

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18
Q

What 2 major processes do adhesins interact with?

A

Fibrinogen binding

Collagen binding

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19
Q

What is Panton-Valentine Leukocidin associated with?

A

Severe skin infections
Sepsis
Necrotising fasciitis

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20
Q

What is the major association of Staph.epidermidis and illness?

A

Associated with foreign devices

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21
Q

What is impetigo?

A

A highly contagious skin infection
Occurs through broken skin
Honeycomb crust

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22
Q

What is pathogenomic of impetigo?

A

Honeycomb crusted lesion

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23
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

A deeper skin infection of the dermis without necrosis

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24
Q

What is streptolysin S?

A

A pore-forming cytolysin

Impairs recovery from strep infections

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25
Q

What are the 3 commonest skin commensal bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Corynebacterium spp.
Propionibacterium spp.

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26
Q

What is the aerobic state of Staph.aureus?

A

Facultative anaerobe

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27
Q

What is the treatment of Staph.aureus? (Not MRSA)

A

Flucloxacillin

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28
Q

What are the 4 major toxins produced by Staph.aureus?

A

Enteroxin
SSSST
PVL
TSST-1

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29
Q

What are the 4 common antibiotics which can be used against MRSA?

A

Doxycycline
Co-trimoxazole
Clindamycin
Vancomycin

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30
Q

What is the normal behaviour of coagulase -ve staphs?

A

They are skin commensals?

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31
Q

What are Gm+ve cocci in chains?

A

Streptococcus spp

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32
Q

How are streptococcus spp classified?

A

By how they behave on blood agar
Alpha is partial haemolysis
Beta is total haemolysis
Gamma is no haemolysis

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33
Q

What are the 2 common pathogenic alpha-haemolytic strep

A

Strep.pneumoniae

Strep.Viridans

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34
Q

What are the 2 types of necrotising fasciitis?

A

Type I: Mixed anaerobes and coliforms

Type II: Group A strep infection

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35
Q

What is the treatment of necrotising fasciitis?

A

Urgent surgical debridement + antibiotics

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36
Q

What are the 3 organisms/groups which warrant treatment if found in a leg ulcer?

A

Strep.pyrogens
Staph.aureus
B-haemolytic streptococci

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37
Q

If a pt is diabetic which type of bacteria is particularly concerning to culture from an ulcer?

A

Anaerobes

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38
Q

What is Tinea capitis?

A

Ringworm of the scalp

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39
Q

What is Tinea barbae?

A

Ringworm of the beard

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40
Q

What is Tinea corporis?

A

Ringworm of the body

41
Q

What is Tinea Manuum?

A

Ringworm of the hand

42
Q

What is Tinea unguium?

A

Ringworm of the nail

43
Q

What is Tinea of cruris?

A

Ringworm of the groin

44
Q

What is Tinea pedis?

A

Ringworm of the foot

AKA athlete’s foot

45
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the scalp?

A

Tinea Capitis

46
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the beard?

A

Tinea barbae

47
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the body?

A

Tinea corporis

48
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the hand?

A

Tinea manuum

49
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the nails?

A

Tinea unguium

50
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the groin?

A

Tinea cruris

51
Q

What is the proper name for ringworm of the foot?

A

Tinea pedis

52
Q

Where do the hyphae of a fungal infection grow into?

A

Only the keratin layer

53
Q

How does the body repsond to hyphae growth in the keratin layer?

A

By increasing epithelial turnover

This causes scaling

54
Q

What gives the central sparring appearance of a ringworm lesion?

A

The lesion grows outwards as the center heals

55
Q

Is ringworm more common in women or men?

A

Men

56
Q

Which type of ringworm affects children the most?

A

Tinea Capitis

Ringworm of the scalp

57
Q

How is Trichophyton rubrum transmitted?

A

Human to human

58
Q

How is Trichophyton mentagraphytes transmitted?

A

Human to human

59
Q

How is microsporum canis transmitted?

A

By dogs… and cats

60
Q

What can sometimes be used to better see a fungal infection?

A

Woods light

61
Q

Where does candida grow?

A

In skin folds

Warm and moist

62
Q

What is the treatment for candida?

A

Clotrimazole cream

63
Q

What causes a scabies infestation?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

64
Q

How long is the incubation time of scabies?

A

Up to 6 weeks

Scabies symptoms are immune based so the second infection is often faster

65
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Malathion lotion applied over night and washed off in the morning
Benzyl benzoate

66
Q

What group should benzyl benzoate be avoided in?

A

Children

67
Q

What are pediculus capitis?

A

Head lice

68
Q

What is the proper name for head lice?

A

Pediculus capitis

69
Q

What are pediculus corporis?

A

Body lice

70
Q

What is the proper name for body lice?

A

Pediculus corporis?

71
Q

What are phthirus pubis?

A

Pubic lice

72
Q

What is the proper name for pubic lice?

A

Phthirus pubis

73
Q

What is the medical treatment for lice?

A

Malathion

74
Q

What is the name of the virus that causes chickenpox and shingles?

A

Herpes zoster virus

75
Q

What is the pattern of chickenpox?

A

Macule to papule to vesicle to scab to recovery

76
Q

What is the risk of chickenpox in pregnancy?

A

Neonatal herpes zoster virus

77
Q

How is neonatal herpes zoster virus avoided?

A

Varicella Zoster Ig given to the mother

Aciclovir if the mother is exposed late in pregnancy

78
Q

What is the distribution of shingles?

A

Dermatomal

79
Q

What is the pattern on shingles?

A

Erythema to vesicles to crust to recovery

80
Q

What is ramsay-hunt symdrome?

A

Geniculate herpes zoster

Facial palsy of the 7th cranial nerve

81
Q

What are the 2 major forms of herpes?

A

Herpes simplex

Herpes zoster

82
Q

What is the risk of herpes simplex in eczema?

A

May lead to eczema herpeticum

83
Q

A target lesion with erythema is pathonemonic of?

A

Erythema multiforme

84
Q

What are fleshy, firm, umbilicated pearlescent nodules pathonemonic of?

A

Molluscum contagiosum

85
Q

What is the treatment of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Topical liquid nitrogen

86
Q

What causes warts?

A

Human papilloma virus

87
Q

What is the treatment for HPV

A

Topical salicylic acid on affected area

However HPV is self limiting

88
Q

What is a HPV wart on the foot called?

A

Verruca

89
Q

What is the most common symptom of herpangina?

A

Blistering rash at the back of the mouth.

90
Q

What causes herpangina?

A

Enterovirus

91
Q

Give 2 examples of enteroviruses

A

Coxsackie virus

Echovirus

92
Q

Which virus in particular causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

A

Coxsackie virus

93
Q

What is erythema infectiosum more commonly called?

A

Slapped cheek disease

94
Q

What causes erythema infectiosum?

A

Parovirus B19

95
Q

What are the complications of erythema infectiosium?

A

Stops RBC production so complicated for those with a short RBC life span
Thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell

Causes spontaneous abortion

96
Q

What is orf?

A

A firm fleshy nodule on the hand due to catching scabby mouth disease from sheep

97
Q

What causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

98
Q

What can be given for lyme disease?

A

Doxycyclin

Amoxicillin

99
Q

Which type of mosquito spreads zika virus?

A

Aedes aegypti

Y2 Dermatology (15 decks)

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