Methods of Knowing

Question 1

Intuition

Answer 1

When we use our intuition, we are relying on our guts, our emotions, and/or our instincts to guide us.

The problem with relying on intuition is that our intuitions can be wrong because they are driven by cognitive and motivational biases rather than logical reasoning or scientific evidence.

Question 2

Authority

Answer 2

This method involves accepting new ideas because some authority figure states that they are true.

While in an ideal world we should be able to trust authority figures, history has taught us otherwise and many instances of atrocities against humanity are a consequence of people unquestioningly following authority.

Question 3

Rationalism

Answer 3

Rationalism involves using logic and reasoning to acquire new knowledge. Using this method premises are stated and logical rules are followed to arrive at sound conclusions.

The problem with this method is that if the premises are wrong or there is an error in logic then the conclusion will not be valid.

Question 4

Empiricism

Answer 4

Empiricism involves acquiring knowledge through observation and experience.

We are limited in what we can experience and observe and our senses can deceive us.

Question 5

The Scientific Method

Answer 5

The scientific method is a process of systematically collecting and evaluating evidence to test ideas and answer questions.

The scientific method can only be used to address empirical questions.