Metabolic Processes Flashcards
Ionic Bond
- exchange of electrons that creates a bond
- between a metal and a non-metal
Covalent Bond
- two atoms share electrons to create a bond
- between two non-metal
Polar
a molecule that has a slightly positive charged end and a slightly negative charged end
Non-Polar
a molecule that has no charged ends.
Intramolecular Forces
occur with a compound or molecule
Intermolecular Forces
occur between molecules and/or ions
weaker than intramolecular forces
Enzymes
specialized protein molecules that accelerate/catalyze chemical reactions (function as biological catalysts)
Buffers
chemical systems containing a substance that can donate H+ ions when they are required and containing a substance that can remove H+ ions when there are too many in a solution
Anabolic
reactions that produce large molecules from smaller subunits
Catabolic
reactions that break macromolecules into their individual subunits
Condensation Reaction
two smaller molecules are combined together, producing a larger molecule and water
Hydrolysis Reaction
water is added to a larger molecule, breaking it into two smaller molecules
Isomers
molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different arrangement of atoms
Redox Reactions
Oxidation: reaction when an atom gives up electron(s)
Reduction: reaction when an atom gains electrons(s)
(LEO GER)
pH
measurement of the concentration of hydronium ions
Hydrophilic
water “liking”
Hydrophobic
water “repel”
Activation Energy
the min. amount of energy that must be supplied for the reaction to occur
Competitive Inhibitor
- molecule similar in shape to the substrate that competes for the position on active site of enzyme
- when present on enzyme, rx’n cannot occur
Non-competitive Inhibitor
- interacts with enzyme, but usually not at “active site”
- changes shape of enzyme, so that substrate can no longer react with enzyme to give reaction
