Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OCR A-Level Psychology > Mental health > Flashcards

Mental health Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Historical

Historical views paired with treatments for mental health

A
  • Imbalance of bodily humours: Blood letting
  • Witchcraft: Execution
  • Punishment from God: Trepanation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Historical

Definitions of abnormality

A
  • Statistical Infrequency
  • Deviation from social norms
  • Failure to function
  • Deviation from ideal mental health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Historical

Evaluation of definitions of abnormality

A
  • Statistical Infrequency: Some characteristics are desired such as high IQ
  • Deviation from social norms: What is considered normal in one culture may not in another
  • Failure to function: It is okay to fail to function in cases of grief of a loved one
  • Deviation from ideal mental health: Too subjective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Historical

Categorising mental health

A
  • ICD-11- World health organisation mainly used outside the USA and categorises both physical and mental illnesses
  • DSM-5- American psychiatric association mainly used in the USA and only categorises mental illnesses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Aim

A

To see if psychiatric hospitals can detect sane in insane places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Method

A

Field experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Participants

A

8 confederates (pseudo patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Procedure

A

“Empty, hollow, thud”
Pseudo patients acted sane and took part in daily ward activities, taking notes on what they observe and asked staff ONCE when they would be discharged
Would only be discharged when staff believed they were sane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Results

A

11 diagnosed with Schizophrenia and discharged with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia in remission
1 participant was diagnosed with manic-depression
Stays ranged from 7-52 days with a mean of 19 days
Real patients detected the sane pseudo patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Conclusion

A

Type 1 error
Overwhelming sense of powerlessness and depersonalisation
Clear psychiatric hospitals cannot reliably distinguish the sane from insane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 1: Evaluation

A

+ High ecological validity: field experiment
+ Participant observation: collection of highly detailed data without the problem of demand characteristics
- Field experiment: lack of controls
+ Both data collected: highly detailed and can be compared and easily analysed
- Unethical: staff deceived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 2: Aim

A

To see if psychiatric hospitals could detect the insane from sane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 2: Participants

A

Members of staff at the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 2: Procedure

A

Told pseudo patients would be sent over the next 3 months (non were sent)
Told to rate each participant on a 10 point scale on how likely they were to be a pseudo patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 2: Results

A

Psychiatric nurses falsely labelled 83/193 insane patients as sane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 2: Conclusion

A

Psychiatrists cannot reliably detect insane
Type 2 error

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 3: Aim

A

To compare patient-staff contact to student-faculty contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 3: Condition 1

A

Patient asked questions:
e.g. Am I likely to be discharged?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 3: Condition 2

A

Student asked question:
e.g. Do you teach here?

20
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 3: Results

A

Eye contact: 23% vs 100%
Stopped and Talked: 4% vs 100%

21
Q

Historical

Rosenhan Study 3: Conclusion

A

Stickiness of diagnostic labels in psychiatric hospitals is evident

22
Q

Historical

Historical views of mental health: Application

A

Use of characteristics to diagnose mental disorders- NHS website

23
Q

Historical

Characteristics of an affective disorder- Depression

A

Low mood
Lack of interest/pleasure in daily activities
Lack of socialising
Lack of concentration

24
Q

Historical

Characteristics of an anxiety disorder- Phobias

A

Constant fear of object/situation
Avoidance
Irrational thoughts

25
Q

Historical

Characteristics of a psychotic disorder- Schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganised speech
Cationic behaviour

26
Q

The medical model

Biochemical explanation of mental health

A

Imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain

27
Q

The medical model

Study to back up biochemical explanation of mental health

A

Lazenberger: Serotonn binding potential in social phobias. Lower binding potential than control group.

28
Q

The medical model

Genetic explanation for mental health

A

Predisposition to a set of genes linked to mental disorders

29
Q

The medical model

Study that backs up te genetic explanation for mental health

A

Gottesman: Concordance rates on twin study data for MZ and DZ twins

30
Q

The medical model

Brain abnormality explanation for mental health

A

Over/Under activity in certain regions in the brain

31
Q

The medical model

Study to back up the brain abnormality explanation for mental health

A

Pine: Amygdala responsiveness to phobia. Greater activity found.

32
Q

The medical model

Gottesman: Aim

A

To conduct a large scale study into the inheritance of severe mental illness to establish if there is a genetic component to mental health

33
Q

The medical model

Gottesman: Participants

A

2.6 million people from the Civil Registration System in Denmark, clear link to both parents and over the age of 10 years old

34
Q

The medical model

Gottesman: Procedure

A

Data gathered on offspring and parents and grouped:
- 2 diagnosed parents
- 1 diagnosed parent
- Neither diagnosed
- General population

35
Q

The medical model

Gottesman: Results

A

Two vs Zero:
31.7x greater if 2 parents diagnosed

Two vs One:
3.9x greater if 2 parents diagnosed

36
Q

The medical model

Gottesman: Conclusion

A

There is a genetic component linking genes to predisposition to mental disorders

37
Q

The medical model

Application: MOAIs

A

Increases levels of serotonin- Phenelzine

38
Q

The medical model

Application: SSRIs

A

Block (inhibiting) reuptake so more serotonin is available to pass further messages between nearby nerve cells- Sertraline

39
Q

Alternatives

Cognitive explanation for mental health

A

“thinking”

40
Q

Alternatives

Models to support the cognitive explanation of mental health

A

Ellis ABC model of depression
Beck’s cognitive triad

41
Q

Alternatives

Behaviourist explanation for mental health

A

“learning”

42
Q

Alternatives

Study to support the behaviourist explanation for mental health

A

Watson ad Rayner: Little Albert’s conditioned fear to white rats

43
Q

Alternatives

Psychodynamic explanation for mental health

A

The Pysche
ID, Ego, Super Ego
Repressed emotional problems that can be decoded

44
Q

Alternatives

Study to support the psychodynamic explanation for mental health

A

Freud: Little Hans fear of his father

45
Q

Alternatives

Szasz view on mental health

A

Pharmasuitcals way of making money via selling drugs
Mental illness leads to labelling which in some way may be more negative

46
Q

Alternatives

Application: Anxiety

A

If someone has a fear of being outside incase tehy get mugged and family bring them treats, that positively reinforces their behaviour making them stay at home.

OCR A-Level Psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions