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Human Sexuality > Men's Longterm Mating Preferences > Flashcards

Men's Longterm Mating Preferences Flashcards

1
Q

Define reproductive fitness

A

The ability to make babies

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2
Q

What are some cues of reproductive fitness?

A

Youth and attractiveness

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3
Q

Define reproductive value

A

The number of babies you are able to have given your current age

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4
Q

What is the peak reproductive age for women?

A

17-20

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5
Q

What is a quantitative representation of reproductive fitness?

A

The reproductive value

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6
Q

What is fertility?

A

The number and quality of your offspring

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7
Q

What is the peak fertility age for women?

A

~20

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8
Q

What determines a woman’s peak fertility age?

A

When she ovulates the most and when she produces the greatest quality offspring

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9
Q

What is youth an indicator of?

A

Reproductive value and fertility

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10
Q

How old do men prefer their women to be? Are there any cross-cultural differences?

A

~2 years younger, Eastern countries prefer even younger

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11
Q

How old do women prefer their men to be? Are there any cross-cultural differences?

A

~2 years older, Easter countries prefer even older

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12
Q

What happens to homicide rates with an increased age gap between mates?

A

Homicide rates increase

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13
Q

What happens to preferred female mate age as men age?

A

They will mate women that are much older or much younger than them

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14
Q

Why don’t older men go for 25-year-olds?

A

They know they won’t get them, cultural norms

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15
Q

What is the control hypothesis?

A

Men want younger wives because they are easier to control

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16
Q

How was the control hypothesis disproven?

A

Teenage boys wanted women that were older than them by ~4-6 years

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17
Q

What does facial beauty cue?

A

The ability to bear many healthy children

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18
Q

What are three indicators of fertility?

A

Behaviour, facial beauty, physique

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19
Q

How is facial beauty described in Western culture? What are the differences in Eastern cultures?

A

Smooth skin, an absence of sores, sound teeth, full lips, strong hair, there is no difference cross-culturally

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20
Q

What do full lips indicate?

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

What does healthy hair cue?

A

A record of good health

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22
Q

What does light hair cue?

A

Youth

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23
Q

What might poor hair quality signal?

A

Recently given birth

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24
Q

What is the ideal skin presentation?

A

Light with rosy cheeks and unblemished

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25
Q

What does pitted/scarred skin indicate?

A

Poor health, the presence of hormones unpreferred for reproduction and healing

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26
Q

What does a feminine face look like?

A

Large eyes/lips, thin jaw, small nose, little distance between lips and chin

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27
Q

What happens to female jaw width with age?

A

It widens

28
Q

What does facial femininity indicate?

A

An optimal sperm environment (pH) and increased likelihood of getting/staying pregnant

29
Q

What was the agreement rate when different races rated many faces of different races?

A

There was a 0.93 agreement rate

30
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens associated with?

A

Feelings of pleasure

31
Q

What happens to the NA when men look at pictures of beautiful women?

A

It is activated more (feelings of actual pleasure)

32
Q

What is reproductive success?

A

Actually having healthy babies

33
Q

What is the ideal body fat %?

A

It varies across time and place

34
Q

When might a greater %BF be preferred?

A

In cultures that experience famine

35
Q

What does %BF indicate in cultures where famine is unlikely?

A

Lower %BF indicates wealth

36
Q

What may %BF indicate in the extremes?

A

Reproductive success, anorexia = amenorrhea, obese = undesirable hormones

37
Q

What is the ideal waist: hip?

A

0.7

38
Q

What is the difference in SES preference for %BF?

A

Higher SES prefer lower %BF (BMI ~20) and lower SES prefer higher %BF (BMI ~25)

39
Q

What may waist: hip cue?

A

Age (pre-puberty-menopause differences), femininity, fertility (optimal hormone profile)

40
Q

What happens to estrogen when the waist: hip is 0.7?

A

It is greater by ~26%

41
Q

How is W: H typically determined?

A

By genetics and hormones

42
Q

How does W: H cue health?

A

It indicates a better sperm environment (pH), and the ability to get/stay pregnant

43
Q

What health correlates have been associated with a more masculine W: H?

A

Increased rates of death, CVD, HTN, cancer, depression, anxiety

44
Q

What was discovered with regards to W: H and attentional bias?

A

Men were more likely to look at women with a W: H of 0.7

45
Q

What was discovered with regards to line drawings and W: H and %BF?

A

The line drawings with a W: H of 0.7 were always preferred, there was a preference for normal body weight

46
Q

What was discovered when dummies with different W: H were rated on attractiveness by touch only?

A

The dummies with W: H of 0.7 were rated the most attractive

47
Q

When women underwent surgery that changes their W: H ratio to 0.7 but also increased their BMI, what were the results of their attractiveness ratings?

A

They increased

48
Q

What is the better indicator of men’s long-term physique preferences?

A

W: H

49
Q

What are the benefits of commitment?

A

Sexual access, better quality mates, survival of the offspring, coalition building, increased paternity certainty

50
Q

What are the benefits of knowing when women are ovulating?

A

Increased likelihood of successful fertilization, efficient use of timing and resources

51
Q

What cues can be used to detect ovulation?

A

Skin (lightning/vascularization), body odour/composition, behavioural cues

52
Q

What happens to a woman’s sexual desire when she is ovulating? How may this be noticeable to men?

A

It increases, she may flirt more

53
Q

What is the difference between mated and unmated women’s sexual desires when they are ovulating?

A

Mated women’s sexual desire increases more

54
Q

How does marriage increase the certainty of paternity?

A

Social traditions, ease of mate-guarding, ease of cheating detection, consistent sexual access

55
Q

What are character traits in women seen as the most and least desirable?

A

Faithfulness and unfaithfulness

56
Q

What type of cultures has a preference for chaste brides?

A

Male dominant ones

57
Q

Why is a chaste bride desirable?

A

There is 100% confidence she is not pregnant

58
Q

Why might increased gender equality decrease the amount a desire for a chaste bride?

A

Women are better able to dictate what the man can want

59
Q

What is a good indicator of fidelity?

A

Low premarital promiscuity

60
Q

Is promiscuity in a woman a turn on or turn off for men?

A

It is a turn off for LT mating but a turn on for ST mating

61
Q

What are the downsides of being cheated on?

A

Reproduction, inefficient use of resources, reputation

62
Q

What may be a sign that you are being cheated on?

A

Jealousy

63
Q

What were the results when men and women were asked if sexual or emotional cheating was more upsetting?

A

Men found sexual more upsetting and women found emotional more upsetting

64
Q

What were the physiological responses when men were asked to imagine their mate sexually or emotionally cheating on them?

A

There was a greater response to sexual cheating

65
Q

What happens to the sperm of men that are concerned about cheating?

A

They produce more blocker sperm/stronger and healthier sperm

66
Q

Who produced more sperm when ejaculating, men who spent more or less time with their women?

A

Men who spent less time with their woman

67
Q

What was the effect of showing men pictures of faithful and unfaithful women?

A

When men were shown unfaithful women they produced more sperm

Human Sexuality (4 decks)

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