Memory Flashcards
What are the 3 stages of memory?
3 stages = encoding (transformation) to storage (retention) to retrieval (recovery)
What is the serial position curve?
Serial position curve = when words/numbers are in a list you remember those at the start (primacy effect) and at the end (recency effect) better than those in the middle
What is the primary effect?
Indicative of long term memory
What is the recency effect?
Indicative of short term memory
What is echoic memory?
Echoic memory = when the list is read aloud, recency is present as the sound lingers
What is iconic memory?
Iconic memory = when the list is read visually, recency is not present as the image quickly fades
How can short term memory be improved?
Can be improved by chunking – grouping numbers together – or making a story to put more information into one bit.
What is displacement?
30 seconds’ distraction after hearing a set of information causes you to forget the last bits of info because you lose recency – displacement
How to improve primacy?
If give 9 seconds between words, doesn’t change short term memory, improves long term memory. Middle and earlier in list remember better. If you hear a word for longer (9 seconds instead of 3), primacy effect is improved as there is more time for rehearsal. There is no effect on recency.
Making a story allows more rehearsal - maintenance & elaboration i.e linking with long-term memory.
What are three types of long term memory?
- Episodic – (cortex) -autobiographical- memory for events related to you
- Semantic- (cortex) -knowledge about the world
- Procedural- (cerebellum)- skills-based
How to improve long term memory?
Adding meaningful connections • elaboration • mnemonics -first letter – ROYGBIV -visual imagery
What is Luria’s S case?
Had eidetic memory (photographic memory – ability to recall any image, sound or object after few instances of exposure). He also had synaesthesia (associating words with sensory modalities e.g. sound, colour taste)
What is the method of Loci?
Method of loci – or the journey method- retrieve information by visualisation and a journey method
What is hyperthymesia?
Hyperthymesia= superior episodic (autobiographical) memory. Can remember everything done each day of their lives.
What is recognition in terms of long term memory?
Recognition = memory which doesn’t require depth of processing (e.g. someone’s face)
