Media Ownership

Question 1

MEDIA OWNERSHIP

(also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.

Answer 1

Concentration of Media Ownership

Question 2

___________ view capitalist society as being one of class domination; the media are seen as part of an ideological arena in which various class views are fought out, although within the context of the dominance of certain classes; ultimate control is increasingly concentrated in monopoly capita;

Answer 2

Marxists

Question 3

(…) media professionals, while enjoying the illusion of autonomy, are socialized into and internalize the norms of the dominant culture; the media taken as a whole, relay interpretive frameworks consonant with the interests of the dominant classes, and media audiences, while sometimes negotiating and contesting these frameworks, lack ready to access to alternative meaning systems that would enable them to reject the definitions offered by the media in favor of consistently oppositional definitions. (ibid.)

Answer 3

Marxist Media Theory

Question 4

VARIETIES OF CONGLOMERATES

Companies which own media facilities but whose major operations are centered on industrial sectors.

Answer 4

Industrial Conglomerates

Question 5

VARIETIES OF CONGLOMERATES

Companies which are centered on the service sector such as real estate, financial services, and retailing.

Answer 5

Service Conglomerates

Question 6

VARIETIES OF CONGLOMERATES

Centered mainly or wholly in the media and information industries.

Answer 6

Communication Conglomerates

Question 7

____________: Media (…) are a result of one media related company buying another company for control of their resources in order to increase revenues and viewership.

Answer 7

Mergers

Question 8

_________________: A media (…), media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.

Answer 8

Conglomerate

Question 9

2 Basic Kinds of Potential Control over the Symbolic Environment:

They are able to ___________ the output of the divisions ____________________, either by intervening in day to day operations, or by establishing general goals and understandings and appointing managerial and editorial staff to implement them within the constraints set by the overall allocation of resources.

Answer 9

regulate; they own directly

Question 10

Issues:

Commercially driven, ultra-powerful mass market media primarily loyal to ______________________and ______________ rather than to public interest.

Answer 10

sponsors, i.e. advertisers and;
government

Question 11

________________________: Media has never been more consolidated. 6 media giants now control a staggering 90% of what we read, watch, or listen to.

Answer 11

THE ILLUSION OF CHOICE

Question 12

Issues:

Only a _____ companies representing the interests of a minority elite control the public airwaves.

Healthy, market-based competition is __________, leading to slower innovation and __________________.

Answer 12

few;
absent; increased prices

Question 13

2 Basic Kinds of Potential Control over the Symbolic Environment:

They may also be able to influence the strategies of __________________________ in their roles as competitors or suppliers.

Answer 13

companies they do not own