Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEd Surg 1 > Med surg 1 > Flashcards

Med surg 1 Flashcards

1
Q

GERD

A

symptom of esophageal damage, no single cause, related to weakened sphincter and back flow of contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Barrett’ Esophagus(metaplasia), Esophagitis, aspiration, dental erosion

A

GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antacids

A

increase gastric pH by neutralizing HCL (TUMS, Maalox, Alka-seltzer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

H2-receptor blocker

A

block conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin (Pepcid, Zantac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PPI

A

Block secretion of HCL (Prevacid(effective at healing esophagitis), Protonix, Prilosec)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Primary cause of hiatus hernia

A

increased intraabdominal pressure and weakened diaphragm muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 types of hernias

A

Sliding, peraesophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PUD risk factors

A

gastritis, H. pylori , NSAID, corticosteroid, lifestyle factors (etoh, coffee, stress, smoking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of PUD

A

Acute, chronic, duodenal, gastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Complications of PUD

A

hemmorhage, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CC for PUD

A

NPO w/NG, pain, IV electrolyte, transfusions, lavage, surgery (billroth I, II) REST, DRUG THERAPY, DIET and FOLLOW UP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dumping syndrome

A

more chyme produced, more fluid being drawn into the bowel, causes bowel distention, nutrients don’t get absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IBD

A

autoimmune, chronic inflammation, exacerbation and remission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

UC

A

rectal bleeding, superficial mucosa, only in colon, around 20’s, fever during exacerbation, weight loss rare,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Crohn’s

A

weight loss, malabsorption, full thickness wound, fistulas, common fever, occurs anywhere in GI, fistulas common,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drug therapy for IBD- to induce and maintain remission

A

Anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids), antimicrobial (cipro), immunosuppressant (imuran, MTX), antidiarrheal (lomotil), and biologic therapy (suppress tumor factor, mabs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Total proctocolectomy

A

curative surgery for UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

removal of parts of intestines

A

surgery for crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SBS

A

too little small intestine surface area to absorb nutrients, causes lifetime TPN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SI obstruction

A

rapid, onset, frequent emesis, cramp like, feces for short time, dehydration, distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LI obstruction

A

gradual onset, low grade cramping, absolute constipation, distention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

diverticulosis

A

increase in number of diverticuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Care for diver-problems

A

high fiber, stool softeners, weight reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Malabsorption syndrome

A

sbs and dumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Celiac

A

autoimmune, ingestion of wheat barely and rye, high genetic link

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment of celiac

A

elimination of gluten, symptom support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Care of surgical client

A

raise HOB, SFF, early ambulation, F&E management, NG care, clear liquids, wound care, pain management, respiratory toilet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Assessment for surgical client

A

Last BM, bowel sounds, palpation, swelling, asymmetry, pain, I and O, diet, EtOH, meds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Functions of the liver

A

coagulation, detox, form bile, fat CHO and steroid metabolism, protein synthesis, endocrine hormone control, glucose storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

4 causes of cirrhosis

A

alcohol, post-necrotic, cardiac, biliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Alcohol cirrhosis

A

most common cause, risk for hepatocellular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

post-necrotic

A

chemicals, hepatitis, drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cardiac cirrhosis

A

ride sided heart failure (portal vein backs up)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Biliary

A

primary-obsturction or inflammation of bile ducts

Secondary-intraheptaic bile status (bile becomes concert)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

portal hypertension

A

increase in pressure of vessels of liver from increased resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Esophageal varices

A

from increase pressure in vessels, engorged veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

coagulation defects

A

can’t conjugate fats or vit. k for clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ascites

A

related to PH, increase in system HTM causing edema

-protein level in blood decreases and water follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

jaundice

A

increase bilirubin (2.5 or higher) inability to conjugate bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

encephalopathy

A

inability of liver to digest protein causing formation of ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

liver damage and cirrhosis labs

A

increase in AST, ALT, increase bilirubin, increase PT time, decrease albumin, increase LDH, increase ammonia, decrease BUN creat., increase Na, decrease K, increase WB, decrease, H and H, increase all, increase IGg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Integument exam for cirrhosis

A

look for jaundice, bruising, edema, petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

gastro exam for cirrhosis

A

hernia, decrease bowel sounds, increase liver border, palpable spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

respiratory exam for cirrho.

A

labored shallow breathing, tripod position, fluid, decrease cough, secretions, orthopnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Neuro for cirrho.

A

asterixis, clonus,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

reproductive for cirrho.

A

decrease testes size, enlarged breast tissue, bearded lady

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Diet management for cirrho.

A

0 protein if encephalopathy, if no encel then high calorie high protein low fat, eliminate spicy, acidic foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Meds for cirrho

A

K sparing diuretic (spiralactone), vassopressin, antihypertensive, PPI, pain management, albumin, lacatalose-pulls fluid into bowel, dose until diarrhea

50
Q

TIPS

A

redirect portal blood flow

51
Q

Blakemore tube and balloon

A

push walls to prevent bleeding

52
Q

Parencentesis

A

reserved for clients with respiratory impatient, tube inserted into abdomen to remove ascites fluid, monitor for dehydration and excess fluid volume loss

53
Q

Nursing interventions for cirrhosis

A

Skin, assessments, F/E monitoring, comfort management, tube management, meds, special precautions, education and planning

54
Q

Hepatitis A

A

foodborne

55
Q

Hep B

A

Blood borne and sex

56
Q

Hep C

A

blood borne and sex

57
Q

Prodromal phase of hep

A

first 1-21 days, exposure and vague symptoms, flu-like, fatigue, pain, D/C, dark urine, fever, N/V

58
Q

Icteric (acute phase) of hep

A

2-4 weeks, jaundice, fever resolves but GI remain, weight loss, parities, clay colored stool

59
Q

convalescent phase of hep

A

2-4 mos, persistent fatigue, and eventual recovery

60
Q

Gastro Physical assess of hep.

A

hepatomegaly, tenderness, spleenomegaly

61
Q

Skin asses of hep.

A

rash, jaundice, iteric sclera, injection sites

62
Q

General assess of hep.

A

fever, lethargy, lymph nodes

63
Q

Labs for hep.

A

viral level, antibodies, IGg

64
Q

Nursing interven. for hep

A

bedrest, diversion activities, meds, comfort, patient education

65
Q

Causes of pancreatitis

A

alcohol, biliary disease, blocked bile duct

66
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

life threatening, sharp stabbing pain in LUQ

67
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

> 6 months, dull nagging flank pain

68
Q

Electrolyte complications with pancreatitis

A

hyperglycemia (pancreas cannot produce insulin), hypocalcemia (binding of fat to Ca, Tetany)

69
Q

exam of gastro for pancreatitis

A

LUQ pain, radiate pain to flank and shoulder, rigidity

70
Q

exam of resp. for pancreas.

A

crackles

71
Q

circulatory exam for pancreas.

A

hypotension, tachycardia, hemmorage

72
Q

ecchymosis is seen in patients with

A

pancreatitis

73
Q

Lab values for pancreatitis

A

increased-glucose, WBC, amylase, lipase

decreased-Ca

74
Q

Diet for pancreatitis

A

NPO, increase calories and SFF, gibe amylase and lipase, accu checks for glucose, oral care for NG tube

75
Q

Meds for pancreatitis

A

narcotic, antibiotic, Ca

76
Q

where does pancreatic cancer usually occur

A

on head of pancreas

77
Q

Whipple procedure

A

resection of proximal pancreas and bile duct

78
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

79
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gall stones (made of bile salt, bilirubin, calcium, protein, fat)

80
Q

4 F’s associated with gall bladder problems

A

Fair (caucasian), 40, female, fat

81
Q

Diet for gallbladder

A

low in fat, high in fiber, SFF, NPO

82
Q

Meds for gallbladder

A

bilirubin if liver disease, antispasmodic, antiemetic, analgesic

83
Q

What causes diabetes?

A

increase in insulin resistance
decrease in insulin production
decrease in insulin receptors

84
Q

alpha cells

A

secrete glucagon in response to decreased glucose

85
Q

beta cells

A

secrete insulin and amylin in response to increased glucose

86
Q

delta cells

A

somatostatin to inhibit glucagon and insulin

Regulate alpha and beta cells

87
Q

Type I diabetes

A

autoimmune,> 6 mos and

88
Q

Type II diabetes

A

most prevalent, obesity high fat, race, age, sedentary life, environmental, defective beta cells

89
Q

3 Ps symptoms for diabetes

A

more likely to have in type 1 but still might have in type 2

polyuria- get rid of sugar and ketones
polydipsia-due to dehydration
polyphagia-increase in eating because glucose is not circulating in good for energy

90
Q

DKA

A

more likely in type 1, fruity odor, exhibits 3 Ps, metabolic acidosis, Kussmauls, hyperglycemia, dehydration, altered mental status (from dehydration), dry mucous membranes

91
Q

HHNS/HHS

A

Very high glucose levels usually > 600, 3 Ps, more likely in type 2 because they produce just enough insulin to keep from DKA, common in elderly, predisposed by dehydration

92
Q

Treatment for HHNS and DKA

A

IV R insulin, .9% NaCl for hydration, cardiac monitoring( arrhythmia from hypokalemia, K follows glucose out of cells)

93
Q

Macrovascular

A

alteration in blood viscosity(thick blood from fat and triglycerides), more common in TYPE 2
CAD-MI
PVD- decrease circulation
Cerebrovascular disease-stroke

94
Q

Microvascular

A

alteration in structure of vessels, more common in TYPE 1
Retinopathy- increase viscosity causes detachments
Nephropathy-decrease in circulation to kidneys
Neuropathy-sensory and autonominc

95
Q

3 parts of Management for Diabetes

A

Diet, Exercise, Medications

96
Q

Diet for Diabetes

A

avoid complex CHO, protein 15-20%, fat 10%, the rest CHO, high fiber, alternative sweeteners, eating with ETOH

97
Q

Exercise for Diabetes

A

increase risk for hypoglycemia, monitor glucose, sufficient fluids, proper shoes, warm up and cool down, measure ketones,

98
Q

Meds for Diabetes

A

Regular insulin, NPH, Lente, 70/30

99
Q

Somogyi Effect

A

hyperglycemia in the morning caused by high doses of insulin at night leading to rebound hyperglycemia

100
Q

Dawn Phenomenon

A

GH and cortisol excreted in high amounts in the morning causing hyperglycemia,

101
Q

Endocrine system is composed of:

A

hypothalamus, A/P pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, adrenal glands

sometimes pancreas, ovaries and testes, pineal glands

102
Q

All hormones have three things in common

A

Released continuously, neg. feedback, bind to target cell receptors

103
Q

anterior pituitary gland- GH changes

A

acromegaly, dwarfism

104
Q

Acromegaly

A

high GH, enlarged bones, IC pressure, thickened tissues, alteration in protein CHO metabolism, increase risk for diabetes, protruding jaw

105
Q

Dwarfism

A

low GH, small stature, delayed puberty, may cause Na/K retention

106
Q

posterior pituitary-ADH problems

A

SIADH, Diabetes insipidus

107
Q

SIADH

A

Too much fluid, too little Na, confusion, cramps, seizures, fluid retention, hyponatremia

108
Q

SIADH treatment

A

FLUID RESTRICTION, solution high in Na, diuretic, vassopressin, supplement Na/K,

109
Q

Nursing care for SIADH

A

monitor I and O, weight, VS (crackles, arrhythmias), hyponatremia, seizure precautions, HOB flat or

110
Q

DI

A

increased diuresis, F/E imbalances from large urine output, too little fluid, too much Na, hypernatremia

111
Q

DI treatment

A

HYDRATION, nasal spray for hormone replacement, low Na diet, indocin

112
Q

Nursing care DI

A

monitor for weight, specific gravity, VS (heart sounds), signs of hypernatremia, skin care, signs of rebound retention

113
Q

Cushing Disease/Syndrome

A

overproduction of ACTH
Disease (primary)-problem with adrenal
Syndrome (secondary)-problem with pituitary

114
Q

Symptoms of Cushings

A

moon face, striae, weight gain, HTN, delayed wound healing, gynecomastia, fluid retention, thin skin, osteoporosis

hypernatremia and -glycemia
hypokalemia and -calcemia

115
Q

Addisions disease

A

too little ACTH
primary-adrenal glands
secondary-decreased ACTH by pituitary

116
Q

Addisons symptoms

A

weakness, bronze skin (primary only), weight loss, changes in body hair distribution, fatigue

Hypercalcemia and -kalemia
hyponatremia and -glycemia

117
Q

Graves disease

A

hyperthyroidism, autoimmune, excessive thyroid hormone secretion

118
Q

Diet for Graves

A

high calorie, high protein/CHO with supplements, avoid spicy high fiber, caffeine and ETOH

119
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

too little thyroid hormone (TSH), iodine deficiency

primary-destruction of thyroid
secondary-pitrutary(decreased TSH)

120
Q

Myxedema

A

hypothyroidism

MEd Surg 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions