Mathematics, anxiety, and gender Flashcards
What is a major influences to maths development and why?
Reading frequency predicts maths performance later in life. It encourages exploration and agency, which helps with decoding, and also fosters a motivational disposition.
How does exposure influence maths development?
Children who are more frequently and positively exposed to maths display better performance and understanding, as well as confidence.
How does variance influence maths development?
It improves agency and creative thinking in terms of prolem solving. Furthermore, variability in appraches contribute to cognitive growth by activating disequilibrium.
What is emphasised in Baroody & Dowker’s framework?
Conceptual understanding, adaptive computational fluency, strategic mathematical thinking, and productive disposition.
How can conceptual understanding be promoted in maths?
Through use of high-order conceptually challenging questions, where there are collaborative discussions of different strategies; through use of plausible and meaningful contexts which vary by culture.
How can we improve mathematic resilience?
Working with others, lalnguage skills, and growth mindset.
Why are there big gender differences in maths self-efficacy?
Self-perception, attribution, and shame are main factors. Despite no performance differences, there is higher expected performance in boys, greater attribution of failure and lower belief in value of effort for success in girls.
How might parental expectations increase gender differences in maths self-efficacy?
Parents have sex-differentiated ideas about maths performance, and these beliefs have been found to be more important for shaping children’s self-perceptions than their own past performance.
Describe the role of stereotypes in creating gender diffferences in maths self-efficacy.
When doing something they believe they are stereotypically better in, girls perform far better than when they think theyr’e stereotypically destined to do poorly.
Discuss the neurological associations of maths anxiety.
It is associated with hyperactivity in the right amygdala regions of the brain important for processing negative emotions. Also associated with reduced activity in prefrontal cortical regions thought to be involved in mathematical reasoning.
What methods may foster maths resilience?
Encouraging conceptual understanding, computational fluency, strategic mathematic thinking, and a productive disposition.
