math 1012

Question 1

is the field of study that involves collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and organizing data.

Answer 1

Statistics

Question 2

derived from mathematics are useful in processing and managing data. Selection of appropriate tools and efficient use of these tools can help people organize, analyze, and interpret data.

Answer 2

Statistical tools

Question 3

deals with organization, presentation, and analysis of data that help describe, show, or summarize data in a meaningful way.

Answer 3

Descriptive statistics

Question 4

This involves summarizing and organizing data using measures like mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.

Answer 4

Descriptive Statistics

Question 5

Data visualization (histograms, pie charts, box plots) helps in understanding data patterns.

Answer 5

Descriptive Statistics

Question 6

are statistical metrics that describe the center or typical value of a dataset. The three main measures are mean, median, and mode.

Answer 6

measure of central tendency

Question 7

The sum of all values in a dataset divided by the number of values

Answer 7

mean

Question 8

Formula for mean

Answer 8

Sum of all data Divide/ n or Ex/n

Question 8

example of median
5,7,9,10,12 where is the median

Answer 8

9

Question 8

is the middle value in an ordered data set

Answer 8

Median

Question 9

most frequently occuring values in a dataset

Answer 9

Mode

Question 10

Example of mode
10,15,15,9,15
where is the mode

Answer 10

15

Question 11

is a circular graph divided into slices to illustrate the proportion of categories in a dataset. Each slice represents a percentage of the whole.

Answer 11

Pie chart

Question 12

is a bar graph that represents the frequency distribution of a dataset, usually for continuous data. The data is grouped into bins (intervals), and the height of each bar indicates the number of data points in each bin.

Answer 12

Histogram

Question 13

allows for generalizing findings from a sample to a larger population.
Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and p-values help assess the reliability of sample data conclusions.

Answer 13

Inferential Statistics

Question 14

is a procedure to determine if there’s enough evidence to support a specific claim about a population parameter.

Answer 14

Hypothesis Testing

Question 15

helps determine the significance of the test results. It represents the probability of obtaining the observed sample results if the null hypothesis is true.

Answer 15

P Values

Question 16

is a range that likely contains the true value of a population measure, based on sample data, with a certain level of certainty (like 95%).

Answer 16

Confidence Interval

Question 17

describe the spread of data values around the center of a dataset, providing insight into variability. Common measures include range, variance, standard deviation, and interquartile range (IQR).

Answer 17

Measure of dispersion

Question 18

Suppose we have the following test scores for a small class 70,75,80,85 and 90

Range: The difference between maximum and minimum values are?

Answer 18

90-70

Question 19

Suppose we have the following test scores for a small class 70,75,80,85 and 90

Variance: The average of the squared deviations from the mean?

Answer 19

step 1 find the mean 70,75,80,85 and 90 / 5 = 80
step 2 calculate squared deviations (70 - 80)^2 + (80-80)^2+ ETC

Question 20

n=

Answer 20

the amount of sets

Question 21

It is the squareroot of variance

Answer 21

Standard Deviation

Question 22

Measures of ———, like z-scores and percentiles, indicate where a specific data point stands relative to others in the dataset. They are useful for comparing individual values to the overall dataset.

Answer 22

Relative position

Question 23

indicates how many standard deviations a specific data point is from the mean of the dataset.——– standardize values, making it easier to compare data points from different distributions

Answer 23

Z score

Question 24

Formula for Z score
X= the value of the data point
u= The mean of the data set
o = standard deviation

Answer 24

Z = X - u/o

Question 25

indicates the relative position of a data point within a dataset by showing the percentage of data that falls below it. For instance, if a score is at the 85th percentile, it is higher than 85% of all other scores in the dataset.

Answer 25

PERCENTILES

Question 26

Example of percentiles
93% of students have a height below 175cm
How many students have a height above 175cm?

Answer 26

7% have a height above 175cm

Question 27

is a symmetric, bell-shaped distribution where most data points are around the mean, with fewer points farther from the center. The distribution is defined by two parameters: the mean (μ) and the standard deviation (σ). In a normal distribution:

Answer 27

normal distribution

Question 28

is the simplest measure of dispersion, showing the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.

Answer 28

Range

Question 29

measures the average squared deviations from the mean. It indicates how spread out the data points are.

Answer 29

Variance

Question 30

is the square root of the variance, giving a measure of dispersion in the same units as the original data. It’s more interpretable than variance and reflects the typical distance of data points from the mean

Answer 30

Standard Deviation;