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Obstetric And Gynecology > MARTERNAL MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY > Flashcards

MARTERNAL MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY Flashcards

1
Q

Define maternal mortality (MM) as per ICD-10, WHO-2010.

A

Death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of its termination due to pregnancy-related causes.

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2
Q

Fill in the blank: Maternal mortality occurs during pregnancy or within ______ days after its termination.

A

42 days.

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3
Q

What is the lifetime risk of maternal death in Nigeria compared to sub-Saharan Africa?

A

1 in 13 vs. 1 in 31.

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4
Q

Name the top two countries contributing to global maternal mortality.

A

Nigeria and India.

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5
Q

How often does a maternal death occur in Nigeria, according to the presentation?

A

Every 13 minutes.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: For every maternal death, ______ to ______ women experience lifelong health consequences.

A

30 to 50.

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7
Q

What is maternal morbidity?

A

Health conditions attributed to pregnancy that negatively affect wellbeing.

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8
Q

What is a maternal near-miss case?

A

A case where a woman nearly died from a pregnancy-related complication but survived.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Maternal near-miss involves dysfunction of ______ systems but with survival.

A

Critical.

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10
Q

List three examples of organ dysfunction included in maternal near-miss criteria.

A

Neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory.

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11
Q

What are the key disparities in maternal mortality within countries?

A

Between rural and urban areas, and high- and low-income women.

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12
Q

What are the three measures of maternal mortality?

A

Maternal mortality rate, ratio, lifetime risk.

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13
Q

Differentiate between maternal mortality rate and maternal mortality ratio.

A

Rate refers to deaths per 100,000 women aged 15-49; ratio refers to deaths per 100,000 live births.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Nigeria accounts for ______% of global maternal deaths.

A

0.14

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15
Q

What percentage of maternal deaths occur in developing countries?

A

0.99

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16
Q

List the direct causes of maternal mortality.

A

Hemorrhage, sepsis, unsafe abortion.

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17
Q

What is the most common direct cause of maternal mortality?

A

Hemorrhage (23%).

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18
Q

Name three indirect causes of maternal mortality.

A

Malaria, anemia, HIV.

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19
Q

What does the “3 Delays Model” aim to address?

A

Delays in decision, access, and care.

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20
Q

What is Phase 1 of the “3 Delays Model”?

A

Home delay.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Phase 2 of the “3 Delays Model” is referred to as ______ delay.

A

Community delay.

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22
Q

What factors contribute to Phase 3 delays in maternal healthcare?

A

Inadequate supplies, poorly trained staff.

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23
Q

What global initiative was launched in 1987 to address maternal mortality?

A

Safe Motherhood Initiative.

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24
Q

What does MDG 5 target?

A

Reduce MMR by 75% between 1990 and 2015.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: By 2030, the SDG goal is to reduce global maternal mortality to less than ______ per 100,000 live births.

A
26
Q

List two components of primary prevention for maternal mortality.

A

Family planning, avoiding pregnancy.

27
Q

What is the role of secondary prevention in maternal mortality reduction?

A

Avoiding complications during pregnancy.

28
Q

What is EmOC, and what does it aim to address?

A

Emergency obstetric care for critical cases.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Comprehensive EmOC includes components of Basic EmOC plus ______ and ______.

A

Cesarean section, blood transfusion.

30
Q

List the six signal functions of Basic EmOC.

A

Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, uterotonics, MVA, MRP, instrumental delivery.

31
Q

Define the FACE acronym in the Safe Motherhood Initiative.

A

Family planning, antenatal care, clean delivery, EmOC.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: A major strategic approach to reduce maternal mortality involves avoiding the ______.

A

3 Delays.

33
Q

What are the social causes of maternal mortality?

A

Poor understanding, low women�s status.

34
Q

What role does family planning play in reducing maternal mortality?

A

Prevents unintended pregnancies.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: Contraceptive prevalence is a key indicator under ______ goals.

A

SDG.

36
Q

List three global efforts that target maternal health.

A

SMI, MDG 5, SDG.

37
Q

What is the estimated maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria?

A

High (specific number varies by year and source).

38
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ health conditions worsen during pregnancy and contribute to indirect maternal mortality.

A

Preexisting.

39
Q

What is the primary objective of the Making Pregnancy Safer initiative?

A

To improve maternal and newborn health.

40
Q

Describe the “No poverty” and “Zero hunger” goals under the SDG.

A

Eliminate poverty, improve nutrition.

41
Q

What does tertiary prevention in maternal health focus on?

A

Preventing deaths in diagnosed cases.

42
Q

Fill in the blank: Emergency obstetric care (EmOC) includes ______ resuscitation.

A

Newborn.

43
Q

Name the major delays identified in Phase 1 of the “3 Delays Model.”

A

Poor understanding, financial constraints.

44
Q

How do transportation issues impact Phase 2 delays in maternal healthcare?

A

Distance, transport costs.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: Poor medical staff training is a key issue in ______ delay.

A

Facility.

46
Q

What is the significance of antenatal care in maternal health?

A

Detects complications early.

47
Q

Fill in the blank: Maternal morbidity impacts a woman�s wellbeing and can take ______ months to manifest.

A

Several.

48
Q

What is the main conclusion regarding maternal mortality in Nigeria from the presentation?

A

Still very high compared to global standards.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: Sustained political commitment is essential to address maternal ______.

A

Health.

50
Q

What is the role of family planning in primary prevention of maternal mortality?

A

Reduces unintended pregnancies and complications.

51
Q

Describe the impact of social factors on maternal mortality.

A

Cultural norms, financial constraints.

52
Q

How does the “3 Delays Model” prevent maternal deaths?

A

Reduces delays at home, community, and facility levels.

53
Q

Name three indicators used to measure progress in maternal health under SDG.

A

Antenatal care, skilled birth attendance.

54
Q

What are the contributions of Basic EmOC to maternal health?

A

Immediate care during emergencies.

55
Q

Fill in the blank: Nigeria�s maternal health efforts are lagging compared to ______.

A

Africa.

56
Q

What are the goals of SDG 5: Gender equality?

A

Empower women, eliminate discrimination.

57
Q

How does geography contribute to community delays in accessing maternal healthcare?

A

Poor roads, rivers.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: Prompt ______ interventions are key to maternal near-miss cases.

A

Effective.

59
Q

Why is Nigeria’s maternal mortality pace slower than other African countries?

A

Poor infrastructure and governance.

60
Q

Summarize the strategic approach to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity.

A

FACE, EmOC, 3 Delays, global commitment.

Obstetric And Gynecology (26 decks)

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