Managing Hazards From Volcanoes

Question 1

Indonesia

Answer 1

Event = struggle due to money

Vulnerability = CVGHM - centre for volcanoes and geological hazard mitigation

Seismographs - Mt Merapi in 1924 ( limited tech at the time)

Weak economy and limited funding

Political tension and violence therefore managing volcanoes was a low priority

60 volcanoes are monitored today

Threat of lahars due to ash quantities for the eruption and the tropical climate ( rainy from March to November)

Disaster management Agency - lahar sensors

Loss

Limited resources

Farming community is disrupted

Search and rescue is strong

Shelters in a safe zone

Evacuation

Permanent residential areas

Authorities cleared river channels and debris to reduce flooding and contain lahars

Material ( road building is used to create houses and community facilities

Question 2

Italy

Answer 2

Event = divert lava flows with concrete barriers away from settlements

Vulnerability = Volcanic Risk Service (CFCRV)

• decisions about evacuations
• eruption pattern analysis
• international comparisons
• seismometers, tilt meters,gas emission analysis
• infrared - detect heat

Understood emergency services have alert level sequences and spread to communities

Closure of airports due to ash

Research into building designs ( triangular) for ash fall

Pitched and not flat

Modify Loss

Frequent eruptions so they are well practiced

Government have resources to compensate individuals businesses and restore the infrastructure

Low causality number due to quick evacuations based on accurate data ( well trained,police,fire and military services)