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Pathology II - Fall 2015 > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Fertility vs. Potency

A

Fertility - produce healthy sperm to fertilize egg

Potency - ability to engage in copulation

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2
Q

Diseases of the Testis…

A

degeneration
malfunction (sperm issues)
inflammation
neoplasia

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3
Q

Testicular Degeneration

A

thermal
cryptorchidism
hypoplasia
chemical

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4
Q

Thermal testicular degeneration…

A

spermatogonia sensitive to heat - systemic and local infections

results in cell degeneration (pressure atrophy/necrosis) - abnormal sperm morphology and function

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5
Q

Cryptorchidism…

A

congenital lesion
failure of 1 or both testis to descend to scrotum
located in abdomen or inguinal canal

fail to produce sperm
prone to testicular neoplasia
prone to torsion of spermatic cord –> acute abdominal crisis

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6
Q

Testicular hypoplasia is inherited in…

A

bulls.

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7
Q

Testicular chemical degeneration…

A

estrogenic compounds or excess endogenous estrogen production (neoplasia)

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8
Q

What causes malfunction of sperm?

A

morphologically abnormal - infections and hereditary

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9
Q

Orchitis is…

A

inflammation of the testis

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10
Q

Orchitis is caused by…

A

trauma
infection
-local or systemic

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11
Q

Sterility is associated with…

A 
tubular damage
increased temp.
pressure atrophy - necrosis
bacterial toxins/cytokine production
pus mixed with ejaculate
duct blockage/fibrosis
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12
Q

Sperm Granuloma…

A

foreign body inflammatory reaction to sperm which have escaped tubular structures

may be seen in epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate

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13
Q

Testicular Neoplasia…

A

interstitial cell tumors
seminomas
sertoli cell tumors
teratomas

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14
Q

Testicular neoplasia are frequently seen in…

A

older, uncastrated dogs

incidental post morem findings

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15
Q

Testicular neoplasia may be…

A

bilateral, mixed cell types
cause of hormonal-induced abnormalities
may cause testicular enlargement

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16
Q

Interstitial Cell Tumors are tumor of what cells…

A

leydig cell tumors

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17
Q

Interstitial Cell tumor characteristics…

A

most common in the dog
does not cause the testes to be bigger than they should be
may be multiple within the testis
may be bilateral

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18
Q

Interstitial cell tumors are derived from…

A

endocrine cells of interstitium

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19
Q

Leydig Cell tumors look like…

A

round, well-demarcated masses

usually

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20
Q

Tumor of spermatogonia…

A

seminoma

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21
Q

Characteristics of seminomas…

A

unilateral, solitary, enlarges the testis

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22
Q

Predisposing factors of seminomas…

A

cryptorchidism

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23
Q

Seminomas look like…

A

buldging, pale (tan, yellow, white), soft, rarely metastatic, no endocrine effect

24
Q

Sertoli Cell Tumors produce….

A

estrogen

25
Q

Least common testicular neoplasm?

A

Sertoli Cell Tumor

26
Q

Characteristics of Sertoli Cell Tumors…

A

unilateral
solitary
enlarges the testis
HAS endocrine effects

27
Q

Predisposing Factor of sertoli cell tumors…

A

cryptorchidism

28
Q

What do sertoli cell tumors look like?

A 
well demarcated
firm
white (red/brown)
may contain cysts
rare metastasis
29
Q

What endocrine effects do you see with sertoli cell tumors?

A 
atrophy of non-neoplastic testicular tissue
man-boobs
reduced libido
swelling of prepuce
attracted to other male dogs
symmetrical alopecia (sebaceous gland atrophy)
prostatic hyperplasia and metaplasia
bone marrow suppression
30
Q

Long time administration of estrogens can cause….

A

complete bone marrow suppression

31
Q

Teratomas are common/rare in the testis of young/old horses with/without cryptorchidism.

A

Teratomas are rare in the testis of young horses with cryptorchidism.

32
Q

Teratomas are composed of multiple germ layers and could contain…

A 
CT
bone
cartilage
muscle
nerve
glands
hair
teeth
33
Q

Diseases of the Epididymis

A

Epididymitis

Occlusion of the epididymis

34
Q

Spermatocoeles…

A

know the image from the presentation

35
Q

Diseases of Tunica Vaginalis…

A

Scrotal hernia - pieces of adipose tissue have slipped down, maybe gut will slip
Bleeding - Hematocoele
Hydrocoele - serous fluid

36
Q

T/F - Mesothelial cells line the tunica…with mesothelioma, these cells can extend into the tunica vaginalis.

A

Truth!

37
Q

Diseases of the scrotum…

A

dermatitis - inflammation
scirrhous cord - horses; Staphylococcal infection; granulation tissue response
varicocele - dilation of spermatic vein
neoplasia - mast cell tumors and hemangioma

38
Q

If you have a male boxer with a mass on his male parts…

A

MAST CELL TUMORS!

39
Q

Accessory glands are?

A

prostate
seminal vesicles
bulbourethral glands

40
Q

What can happen to the prostate?

A

atrophy, inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia and neoplasia - - seen much more often in the dog!

41
Q

Atrophy of the prostate in old dogs….all dogs?

A

natural senile change

occurs following castration

42
Q

Prostatic Hyperplasia is common in…

A

older entire male dogs

43
Q

Causes of Prostatic Hyperplasia…

A

hormonal imbalances are most likely
NOT seen in castrated animals
Estrogen administration reduces the size

44
Q

Causes of Prostatic Metaplasia…

Cells change from what to what?

A

caused by estrogen - sertoli cell tumors and estrogen administration

columnar epithelial cells change to squamous

45
Q

What prostatic neoplasia MIGHT you see in older dogs?

A

Adenocarcinoma - fatal!

Metastatic spread to: sub lumbar lymph nodes, lung, liver bone

46
Q

Developmental Diseases of the Penis & Prepuce

A

Penile hypoplasia - early castration of intersex conditions
persistent frenulum - bulls; connection btwn ventral penis and prepuce - - causes penile deviation
hypospadias - failure of the urogenital groove closure
diphallia - duplication of the penis

47
Q

Phimosis…

A

narrowing of the preputial orifice preventing protrusion of penis

48
Q

Paraphimosis…

A

narrowing of preputial orifice preventing retraction of already protruding penis

49
Q

Posthitis…

A

inflammation of prepuce

50
Q

Balanitis…

A

inflammation of glans penis

51
Q

Causes of Inflammation of penis/prepuce…

A

trauma
viruses
bacteria
parasites

52
Q

What viruses can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

A

bovine herpesvirus 1

EHV-3

53
Q

What bacteria can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

A

corynebacteria in sheep/bovine

54
Q

What parasites can cause inflammation of penis/prepuce?

A

trypanosoma equiperdum

habronemiasis

55
Q

Neoplasia of penis/prepuce…

A

fibropapillopmas
SCC
sarcoids
transmissible veneral tumors

56
Q

Bacteria that cause orchitis…

A

brucella
pseudomonas
mycobacteria
nocardia

57
Q

Viruses that cause orchitis…

A

CDV
EVA
EIA

Pathology II - Fall 2015 (5 decks)

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