M8 Topic 1 : origin of the elements

Question 1

Who came up with the idea of an expanding universe

Answer 1

Einstein, through his theory of general relitivity

Question 2

How did Hubble determine the age of the universe (1(2))

Answer 2

Hubble plotted a graph distance vs Velocity

distance: through Henrietta Leavitt method : measure Cepheid variable stars change their magnitude with a regular period.
velocity: measured by analysing red shift from hydrogen and helium in stars

Question 3

What is luminosity a measure of

Answer 3

The total energy emitted by a star per second (total power of a star)

Question 4

What is brightness

Answer 4

The energy received per square metre on the surface of the Earth

Question 5

What where the classes of stars (in descending order)

Answer 5

O,B,A,F,G,K,M

Question 6

Which stars go supernova

Answer 6

supergiants

Question 7

What are the end results of a supergiant going supernova

Answer 7

• Neutron star

- Black hole

Question 8

What is proton-proton chain

Answer 8

A process of fusion in smaller stars in order to produce energy by fusing protons together to create helium

Question 9

what are the step in the proton proton chain (3)

Answer 9

1. 2H (helium nucleus) ➞ ²H⁺ (Deuterium) + positron + Neutrino
2. ²H⁺ + H⁺ ➞ ³He + Gamma ray
3. 2³He ➞ He + 2H⁺

Question 10

What is the carbon- Nitrogen-Oxygen (CNO) cycle

Answer 10

A process of fusion seen in larger stars in order to produce energy by using larger nucleuses to do so (carbon, nitrogen) in order to create helium