Lymphomas & myelomas Flashcards

1
Q

What stage of maturation of B cells are those below involved & what CD markers are expressed
FL, DLBCL, Myeloma

A

FL: Germinal centre B cell: CD19, CD20+
DLBCL: Germinal centre B cell: CD19, CD20+
Myeloma: Plasma cell: CD27+, CD138

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is somatic hypermutation?

A

extremely high rate of mutation >= 10^5-10^6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the TP53/17 cen deletion probe

a) type of probe
b) interpretation of result

A

a) locus specific indicator probe: G at centromere & R at 17p13
b) Normal: 2G, 2R
Deletion TP53: 2G, 1R
Monosomy: 1G, 1R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the CDKN2C (1p del)/ CKS1B (1q amp) probe

a) type of probe
b) interpretation of result

A

a) locus specific indicator probe: G at 1p & R at 1q
b) Normal: 2G, 2R
1 q Amp: 2G, 3R
Trisomy 1: 3G, 3R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genetic mechanism associated with deletion at 1p (CDKN2C)

A

CDKN2C > cyclin-dependent kinase inihibitor. important in proliferation of B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Genetic mechanism associated with amplification at 1q (CKS1B )

A

CKS1B > binds to & activates cyclin-dependent kinase

overexpression => inc cell growth & poor prognosis in various cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the hyperdiploidy probe

a) type of probe
b) interpretation of result

A

a) locus specific indicator probe: G at 5, A at 9, & R at 15
b) Normal: 2G, 2A 2R
Hyperdiploidy: 3G, 3A 3R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Genetic mechanism associated with hyperdiploidy

A

extra copies => gene dosage effect => various genes de-regulated & oncogene proteins produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the std risk cytogen. markers for myeloma?

A

Hyperdiploidy of 5, 9, 15 w/ no High risk cytogen.markers (otherwise it overrides this classification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the High risk cytogen. markers for myeloma? (4)

A
  • t(4;14)
  • t(14;16)
  • p53 deletion
  • 1p deletion/amplification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the cytogen. markers for follicular lymphomas?

A

t(14;18)(q:q) IGH::BCL2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What’s the cytogen. markers for DLBCL (diffused large B-cell leukaemia)? (5)
& prognosis

A
•	Complex karyotype (>4 changes)
•	TP53 mutations
•	t(14;18) IGH::BCL2
•	t(3;V) IGH::BCL6
•	t(8;14) IGH::MYC
Prognosis: shorter survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Genetic mechanism of ooncogenesis of follicular lymphomas t(14;18)

A

t(14;18)(q:q) IGH::BCL2

IGH on 14 = promoter region => overexpression of BCL2 (stop cell death) => proliferation of neoplastic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Genetic mechanism of ooncogenesis of DLBCL t(3;V) e.g t(3;3) & t(3;18)

A

GH on 3 > regulatory region
t(3;3) IGH::BCL6
BCL2 on 3 > inhibits germinal B-cell diff. & inflammation
t(3;18) IGH::BCL2
BCL6 on 18 > protein inhibts cell death
=> Overpression of BCL2/6 = proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation FL, DLBCL, myeloma (what sites in the body)

A

FL: localised nodes ++, 50% BM
DLBCL: +- localised nodes, rarely in BM
Myeloma: BM involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly