Logical Fallacy Test Flashcards
ad hominem
Refers to the specific dive version tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker.
ex.if you are you that a part in your community should not be renovated because the person supporting it was arrested during a domestic dispute.
red herring
.
Faulty analogy
A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.
ex.to argue that because we put animals who are in pain out of their misery, we should do the same for people.
straw man fallacy
A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule or refute an idea
ex.politician X propose is that we put Asher not on Mars in the next four years. Politician Y ridicules this proposal by saying that his opponent is looking for little green men in outer space
either/or fallacy
A fallacy in which the speaker presents to extreme options as the only possible choices.
ex.we agreed to higher taxes, or our grandchildren will be mired in debt.
false dilemma
A fallacy in which the speaker presents to extreme options as only possible choice. Same as either/or fallacy
hasty generalization
A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of in adequate evidence.
ex.Smoking isn’t bad for you; my great aunt smoked a pack a day and lived to be 90.
circular reasoning
A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.
ex.you can’t give me a C; I’m in a student!
post hoc ergo propter hoc
This fallacy states it is incorrect to always claim that something is because just because it happened earlier.
ex.we elected Johnson as president and look where it got us:hurricanes, floods, stockmarket crashes.
appeal to false authority
This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.
ex. A TV star, for instance, is not a medical expert, even though pharmaceutical advertisements often you celebrity endorsements.
