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human physiology > locomotion and movement > Flashcards

locomotion and movement Flashcards

1
Q

basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is

A

sarcomere

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2
Q

state 6 functions of bone

A

1 support
2 protection
3 movement
4 mineral strorage
5 blood cell production
6 energy storage

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3
Q

types of bones

A

1 long
2 short
3 flat
4 irregular
5 sesamoid

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4
Q

state disorders

A

1 muscular dystrophy
2 myasthenia gravis
3 tetany
4 fatigues

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5
Q

osteoblasts are

A

bone forming cells

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6
Q

osteocysts

A

mature bone cells

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7
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone resorbing cells

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8
Q

joints type

A

1 fibrous
2 cartilaginous
3 synovial

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9
Q

three types of movement in body

A

1 amoeboid
2 ciliary
3 muscular

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10
Q

1 thick filament is made up of how many myosin protien ?

A

300 myosin protein

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11
Q

A: Actin protein has simillar structure to that of a DNA physically talking
R: as it as double hellical structure
options:
1 both true
2 only A is true
3 only R is true
4 both are wrong

A

1both true

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12
Q

G actin is polymrised under the action of which ion ?

A

Mg^2+

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13
Q

during contractiong phase in sliding filament the I band dissapears ? true or false if false then in which phase does the I bands dissapear

A

false; they dissapear in the maximum contraction phase

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14
Q

H zone also dissapears in which phase of sliding filament theory

A

max contraction phase

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15
Q

nerve impulse stops
then muscle excitation happens? and do the muscles still remain contracted?

A

no muscle exitation
hence muscle relaxes

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16
Q

muscle fatigue is characteristic of which muscle?

A

skeletal muscle

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17
Q

acid produced in muscle fatigue is?

A

LACTIC ACID

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18
Q

what are the two muscle energy source?

A

1 adenosine triphosphate
2 creatine phosphate

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19
Q

Process when Glucose undergoes Glycolysis tto form ATP is c/a

A

Cori’s cycle

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20
Q

lactic acid formed in?

A

liver

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21
Q

red muscle fibres is aka?

A

Aerobic mf

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22
Q

red mf has high amount of_____

A

myoglobin

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23
Q

redmf has high amount of blood supply true or false

A

true

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24
Q

/

A
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25
Q

red mf has more no. of ____________

A

mitochondria

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26
Q

red mf has less no. _______________________

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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27
Q

___ mf works slowly but duration is long

A

red

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28
Q

donot get fatigue

A

red mf

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29
Q

back muscles and migratory birds are eg of _____

A

red mf

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30
Q

white muscle fibres is aka ?

A

anaerobic mf

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31
Q

white mf has less amount of _________

A

myoglobin and therefore less blood supply

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32
Q

due to lacking o2 supply and lacking atp conditions which implies white mf has less no of____________

A

mitochondrias

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33
Q

thereforewhite mf

A
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34
Q

therefore white mf has more no of_______________

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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35
Q

white colour of this mf is due?

A

due sarcoplasmic reticulum has ca2+ which give white colour

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36
Q

worksfaster but no efficiency which means must gets ________ very easily.

A

fatigue

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37
Q

eyeball muscles are eg of__________

A

white mf

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38
Q

muscle toneing involves no or low impulses from cns?

A

low impulses

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39
Q

muscle tone cannot cause movement which means muscle are always in __________ state

A

contracted, maintains posture

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40
Q

oxygen dept means intake of __________________

A

extraoxygen to heal the lactified muscles and dissolve the lactic acid and refill myogobin

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41
Q

tetatny ___ conditions

A

2

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42
Q

bacterial tetany is?

A

clastrodium tetani

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43
Q

bacterial tetany causes increase ____ in muscle cell

A

Ca^2+

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44
Q

parathoid tetany is due?

A

decrease Ca^2+ in body fluids around muscle cell

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45
Q

decreasein parathyroid hormones lead to ?

A

Parathyroid tetany

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46
Q

_________ is a Auto-immune disease

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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47
Q

____a_____ forms against Ach in myasthenia gravis which causes ___b____ of muscles

A

a) antibodies
b) paralysis

48
Q

Absence of _________ protein causes muscle to paralyse

A

Dystropin

49
Q

______________is a genetic disorder caused by absenc of a protein

A

Muscular dystrophy

50
Q

embryohas more than ____ bones

A

300

51
Q

adults have ______ bones

A

206

52
Q

axial skeletal is the part of ____________ axis of the body

A

longitudinal

53
Q

axial skeletal has __ bones

A

80

54
Q

______________ skeletal is present on lateral axis

A

Appendicular

55
Q

Appendicular skeletal has ____ bones

A

126

56
Q

axialskeletal has

A

skull
hyoid bone
ear ossicle
sternum
ribs
vertebral column

57
Q

skull has ___ bones

A

22

58
Q

there’s one hyoid bone is base of _____a____ cavity and is _b__ shaped

A

a) buccal
b) U

59
Q

earossicles has __a_ bones and __b__ pairs

A

a) 6
b) 3

60
Q

name the three ear ossicle bone

A

a) malleus
b) incus
c) stapes

61
Q

matchthe following
1 hammer shape. a incus
2 anvil shape. b malleus
3 stirrup shape. c stapes

A

1-b,2-a,3-c

62
Q

howmany ribs and vertebral coloumns?

A

ribs 12 pairs
vertebra 26 to 33 bones

63
Q

howmany sternum

A

1

64
Q

2 types of bone types in skull

A

cranial and facial

65
Q

how many cranial and facial bones

A

cranial 8 and facial 14

66
Q

what are the cranial bones name and count em

A

frontal 1
pareital 2
temporal 2
sphenoid 1
ethanoid 1
occipetal 1

67
Q

what are the facial bones name em and count em

A

vomer 1
nasal chonchae 2
nasal 2
maxillae 2
mandible 1
palatine 2
zygomatic 2
lacrimal 2

68
Q

sternum is the ?

A

chest bone

69
Q

sternum is preseent in the _______________

A

thorax ventrally or ventral midline

70
Q

shape of sternum replicates?

A

Dagger shaped

71
Q

ribs stick to sternum by __________ cartilage

A

costal

72
Q

costal cartilage is a ______ cartilage

A

hyaline

73
Q

Ribs are type of ____ ones

A

flat bones

74
Q

ribs have two heads hence we call them ______?

A

bicephalic

75
Q

how many true , false and floating ribs

A

true: 1-7 pairs
false: 8,9,10
floating: 11 and 12th

76
Q

true ribs are ________ attched to thoracic vertebra and _________ by sternum

A

a) dorsally
b) ventrally

77
Q

false ribs though are ventrally attached to _____ of 7th rib

A

cartilage

78
Q

floating ribs are only attahed to vertebrae_________

A

dorsally

79
Q

Vertebral column is also c/a?

A

backbone

80
Q

backbone is present ___________

A

dorsally

81
Q

functionof backbone is to ____________

A

support, maintain posture, protect the spinal cord

82
Q

spinal cord is present in which
hollow cavity

A

neural cavity

83
Q

cervical vertebrae
Intervertebral disc
sacrum

A

coccyx

84
Q

infant’s backbone is bent in a __ shape

A

C shape

85
Q

how many irregular bone in backbone in adults and infants

A

26 in adults
33 in infants

86
Q

bone formula for adults and infant backbone
adults C T L S C
infant C T L S C

A

A 7 12 5 1 1
I 7 12 5 5 4

87
Q

intervertebral disc has ______ _________ cartilage
which provides_________

A

white fibrous
flxibility

88
Q

limbs are a part of ______________

A
89
Q

limbs are a part of ________ skeletal

A

appendicular

90
Q

lims has ____no of bones

A

120

91
Q

fore limbs are______
hind limbs are_______

A

302
2 pairs of 30 each
302

92
Q

no of girdles

A

6

93
Q

pectoralgirdle and pelvic girdles are type of/

A

girdles

94
Q

there are _ pectoral and _ pelvic girdles?

A

4 and 2 respectively

95
Q

2 types of pectoral girdles are?

A

1 scapulae
2 clavicle

96
Q

scapulae are __ in no./

A

2

97
Q

clavicle are __ in no.?

A

2

98
Q

beauty bone is?

A

clavicle

99
Q

hipbones are aka?

A

coxal bones

100
Q

scapula is _____ shaped whereas clavicle is ___ shaped.

A

triangular
s-

101
Q

Forelimbs have how many bone ? state them.

A

6 bones;
Humerus 1
ulna 1
radius 1
carpals 8
metacarpels 5
phalenges 14

102
Q

hind limbs have how many bones? state them.

A

7 bones
femur 1
patella 1
tibia 1
fibula 1
tarsals 7
metatarsals 5
phalenges 14

103
Q

tallest part of ankle bone is __________

A

Talus

104
Q

points of articulation between 2 bones are c/a?

A

joints

105
Q

fibrous

A
106
Q

fibrous or fixed joints are aka?

A

immovable joints

107
Q

immovable joints are made up pf?

A

white fibres

108
Q

bones are tightly jointed in which type of joint ?

A

immovable joints

109
Q

Cartilagenous joints arer also c/a?

A

amphiarthrosis

110
Q

amphiarthrosis are __________ movable

A

slightly

111
Q

cartilagenous joints are composed of?

A

white fibrous cartilage or hyaline cartilage

112
Q

what are the mmost movable joints called?

A

Synovial joints

113
Q

fluid present between two bone in highly movable joints is c/a?

A

synovial fluid

114
Q

what are the types of synovial joints?

A

1 ball and socket
2 hindge joints
3 saddle joints
4 pivot joints
5 gliding joints
6 angular/ ellipsoidal/ condyloid joint

115
Q

state the disorders related to the bones?

A

1Arthritis
2 osteoporosis
3 osteomalacia
4 bone / joint dislocations

human physiology (4 decks)

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