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living Flashcards

1
Q

What is biology?

A

The science of life forms and living processes

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1
Q

What was a common feature of inanimate
and animate objects for early man?

A

The sense of awe or fear that they evoked

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2
Q

What did the systematic and monumental
description of life forms bring in?

A

Detailed systems of identification, nomenclature, and classification

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3
Q

What revelation humbled man and led to
cultural movements for conservation of
biodiversity?

A

The recognition that all present-day living organisms are related to each other and to all organisms
that ever lived on this earth.

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4
Q

What title did Ernst Mayr assume upon his
retirement from Harvard?

A

Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Emeritus

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4
Q

What were the areas of research that Ernst
Mayr’s work spanned?

A

Ornithology, taxonomy, zoogeography, evolution, systematics, and the history and philosophy of
biology.

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5
Q

What did Ernst Mayr almost single-handedly
make the central question of evolutionary
biology?

A

The origin of species diversity.

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6
Q

What did Ernst Mayr pioneer in the field of
biology?

A

The currently accepted definition of a biological species

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7
Q

What prizes was Ernst Mayr awarded, which
are widely regarded as the ‘triple crown’ of
biology?

A

Balzan Prize in 1983, International Prize for Biology in 1994, and Crafoord Prize in 1999.

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8
Q

What are the distinctive characteristics
exhibited by living organisms?

A

Growth, reproduction, ability to sense the environment, mount a suitable response, metabolism,celluler organisation , consciousness
ability to self-replicate, self-organize, interact, and emergence

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9
Q

What are the twin characteristics of growth in
living organisms?

A

Increase in mass and increase in the number of individuals

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10
Q

How does growth by cell division occur in
plants?

A

Continuously throughout their life span.

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11
Q

In which organisms does growth by cell
division occur?

A

Plants, animals up to a certain age, and unicellular organisms.

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12
Q

What is the criterion for growth in non-living
objects?

A

Increase in body mass.

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13
Q

What is the characteristic of living organisms
related to the growth from inside?

A

Growth is from inside in living organisms

growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organisms conditions should be explained as non living organisms also grow in mass

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14
Q

What is reproduction in multicellular
organisms?

A

Production of progeny possessing features similar to those of parents.

it can be used as defining character as non living organisms donot reproduce

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15
Q

How do fungi multiply and spread easily?

A

Due to the millions of asexual spores they produce.

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16
Q

how does yeast and hydrilla reproduce

A

through budding

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17
Q

which organism reproduce thru regeneration

A

planaria(flatworm)

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18
Q

What is metabolism in living organisms?

A

Constantly making and changing chemicals into other biomolecules through metabolic reactions

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19
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body. not exhibited by non living organisms

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20
Q

Can metabolic reactions be demonstrated
outside the body

A

Yes, in cell-free systems.

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21
Q

What is the defining feature of life forms
according to the text?

A

Cellular organisation of the body.

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22
Q

What is the most obvious and technically
complicated feature of all living organisms?

A

The ability to sense their surroundings and respond to environmental stimuli.

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23
Q

What affects reproduction in seasonal
breeders?

A

Photoperiod.

24
Q

smaller animals have lower or higher metabolic rate

A

higher

25
Q

most unexpectional feature of living organism

A

ability to senseand respond to surrounding

26
Q

What are living organisms according to the
text?

A

Self-replicating, evolving and self-regulating interactive systems capable of responding to external
stimuli.

27
Q

What does the term ‘biodiversity’ refer to?

A

The number and types of organisms present on earth

28
Q

What is the process called that standardizes
the naming of living organisms?

A

Nomenclature.

29
Q

What is the term used for the process of
correctly describing an organism and
attaching a name to it?

A

Identification.

30
Q

What are the two components of a scientific
name under the binomial nomenclature
system?

A

Generic name and specific epithet

31
Q

Who developed the naming system known as
binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus Linnaeus.

32
Q

What are the agreed principles and criteria
for naming plants based on?

A

International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

33
Q

How do animal taxonomists name animals?

A

Using the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN).

34
Q

What is the scientific name of mango?

A

Mangifera indica Linn

35
Q

biodiversity range

A

1.7-1.8million

36
Q

What does ‘Mangifera’ represent in the
scientific name of mango?
What does ‘indica’ represent in the scientific
name of mango?

A

The genus
indica - specific epithet

37
Q

What are the universal rules of nomenclature
for biological names?

A
  1. Generally in Latin and written in italics.
  2. First word represents the genus, second word denotes
    the specific epithet.
  3. Both words are separately underlined or printed in italics.
  4. Genus starts with
    a capital letter, specific epithet starts with a small letter
38
Q

What is the process by which anything is
grouped into convenient categories based on
easily observable characters?

A

Classification.

39
Q

What is the scientific term for convenient
categories used to study organisms?

A

Taxa

40
Q

who gave the term species

A

john ray

41
Q

who gave biological concept of species

A

ernst mayer

42
Q

who is father of taxonomy

A

Carl Linnaeus

43
Q

father of biology

A

aristotle

44
Q

What does the process of classification
based on characteristics represent?

A

taxonomy

45
Q

What are the basic processes that form the
basis of modern taxonomic studies?

A

Characterisation, identification, classification, and nomenclature.

46
Q

What were the earliest classifications based
on?

A

The ‘uses’ of various organisms.

47
Q

What does the branch of study referred to as
‘systematics’ take into account?

A

Evolutionary relationships between organisms.

48
Q

What are the common categories developed
through taxonomical studies?

A

Kingdom, phylum or division (for plants), class, order, family, genus, and species

49
Q

linnaeus publication

A

systema naturae

50
Q

all taxonimic category form

A

taxonomic hierarchy

51
Q

each category represents rank called

A

taxon

52
Q

How are species distinguished in taxonomic
studies?

A

Based on distinct morphological differences

53
Q

What do the specific epithets represent in
taxonomic studies?

A

Distinct organisms with morphological similarities.

54
Q

What does a genus comprise in taxonomic
studies?

A

A group of related species with more characters in common.

55
Q

What does the family category consist of in
taxonomic studies?

A

A group of related genera with fewer similarities compared to genus and species.

56
Q

How is the order identified?

A

As an assemblage of families exhibiting a few similar characters.

57
Q

What are the common features based on .
which animals are included in phylum
Chordata

A

Presence of notochord and dorsal hollow neural system

58
Q

give taxonomic categories in order

A

species
genus
family
order
class
phylum
kingdom

59
Q
A

living world (1 decks)

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