lipids

Question 1

what do lipids contain

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

difference between lipids and carbohydrates

Answer 2

different proportions

in proportion to c and h, oxygen is much less

Question 3

what type of molecule are lipids

Answer 3

non polar - cant dissolve in water

but can dissolve in organic solvents

Question 4

how are triglycerides formed

Answer 4

combination of one glycerol mol and 3 fatty acids

ester bond formed as condensation reaction removes 3 molecules of water

Question 5

what bond forms in triglycerides

Answer 5

ester

Question 6

how many ester bonds are in triglycerides

Answer 6

3

Question 7

saturation levels of triglycerides

Answer 7

monounsaturated

Question 8

definition of hydrophilic

Answer 8

polar
molecule that can interact with water mol becase of it’s charge

Question 9

definition of hydrophobic

Answer 9

non polar
molecule that cannot interact with water as it doesn’t have a charge

Question 10

saturated definition

Answer 10

all carbon bonds are single

Question 11

unsaturated definition

Answer 11

at least one carbon - carbon bond is not single

Question 12

structure of a phospholipid

Answer 12

one of the 3 fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate group

Question 13

what is the relevance of the phosphate group being polar

Answer 13

soluble in water
hydrophilic head

Question 14

what do hydrophobic fatty acid tails produce

Answer 14

turn inwards and form a micell

Question 15

what do a lot of phospholipids build up to be

Answer 15

a bilayer - basis of all cell membranes

Question 16

triglyceride definition

Answer 16

three fatty acid molecules that are linked by condensation to a molecule of glycerol

Question 17

ester bond definition

Answer 17

chemical bond formed as a result of condensation reaction between glycerol and fatty acids

Question 18

properties of a saturated lipid

Answer 18

straight chain
molecules can align readily so are solid
useful for storage in molecules

Question 19

properties of unsaturated lipids

Answer 19

one or more double bond
not straight
melt easier (oils)

Question 20

what are monounsaturated lipids

Answer 20

only one double bond

Question 21

what are polyunsaturated lipids

Answer 21

2 or more double bonds

Question 22

triglyceride functions (4)

Answer 22

energy reserves
thermal insulation
protectin
producing metabolic water

Question 23

waxes function

Answer 23

waterproofing

Question 24

phospholipids functions (2)

Answer 24

structural
electrical insulation

Question 25

3 differences in phospholipids / trigylcerides

Answer 25

number of fatty acid tails
phosphate group presence
polar / non polar

Question 26

relevance of triglycerides being energy reserves

Answer 26

in both plants and animals
because lipids contain more carbon-hydrogen bonds than carbohydrates

Question 27

relevance of triglycerides being thermal insulation

Answer 27

when stored under the skin lipids insulate against heat loss in the cold, or heat gain when hot

Question 28

relevance of triglycerides function as protection

Answer 28

fat is often stored around delicate internal organs such as kidneys protecting against physical damage

Question 29

relevance of triglycerides function as producing metabolic water

Answer 29

metabolic water is released from the body’s chemical reactions
triglycerides produce a lot when oxidised

Question 30

relevance of phospholipids function as structural

Answer 30

in biological membranes

Question 31

relevance of phospholipids function as electrical insulaters

Answer 31

surrounds the axons of nerve cells

Question 32

effect of saturated fatty acids on human health

Answer 32

high saturation can lead to heart disease.