Limbic 2 Flashcards
How are emotional experiences manifested? What role does the amygdala play in expressing these manifestations?
- ANS(physiological)- blood pressure, distribution of blood flow, digestive system
- Behaviors: facial expressions
- Subjective feelings: love/fear/hate
drivesto survive: hunger,thirst, pain
Amygdala: involved in cognitive-emotion interactions and consolidating them into memory
How do the efferent pathways from the amygdala generate affective/emotional attention?
ascending projections: amygdala influences information processing and memory consolidation throughout the cortex
efferent projections- goes to muiltiple stages of cortex, shapes visual perception and awareness
What types of facial expressions does the amygdala respond to and why?
Ambiguous- fear/surprise
The amygdala is readily engaged when it’s necessary to gather additional information
What is emotional memory?
memories associated with charged events
Describe conditioned fear and what areas generate it.
the amygdala receives info about the experience from the sensory, association, etc. evaluates the experience and sends it to the mPFC and the hippocampus for it to be stored as memory
Describe extinction
The vmPFC can override the amygdala during an emotional experience. The conditioning isn’t erased, it’s just overridden
How is the amygdala regulated in its expression of emotional responses?
Amygdala and PFC retain association of Snake =Danger
mPFC regulates amygdala’s expression of emotional response
hippocampus adds context- “it’s in a cage, it can’t hurt you”
What does it mean that the amygdala retrieves emotional memories unconsciously?
The retrieval is mediated by
auditory, visual association corticies, anterior insula, fusiform gyrus, and pulvinar nucleus of thalamus
Compare memories of emotions vs emotional memorioes
and emotional event is perceived by the sensory system. it is sent to the medial temporal lobe and processed as an emotion about a memory OR to the amygdala as an emotional memory.
How do high levels of NE and DA neuromodulation affect the relationship of PFC and amygdala?
Psycological stress- amygdala activates stress pathways in hypothalamus and reticular formations- increased NE and DA
increased levels of NE and DA
-inhibit PFC funtions (working mem/attention)
-strengthens fear conditioning done by amygdala
(anxiety)
What is meant by top-down and botton-up control of amygdala?
TOP-DOWN- controlled by PFC, focus on what’s important/task at hand
BOTTOM-UP- controlled by sensory corticies- a stimulus captures attention
What effects do lesons of the vmPFC and of the amygdala have on behavior
vmPFC- Phinneas Gage- inability to plan ahead/recognize consequences of actions, can’t inhibit emotional tendencies from anygdala
Amygdala- can’t link past experiences to stimuli that have important consequences (snake in zoo)
- can’t recognize facial expressiona of strong emotion
- complacency
- visual/tactical/auditory agnosia
- inappropriate sexual behavior
Describe the location and some of the functions of the amygdala
Maps internal body states and represents emotional arousal and feelings
Emotional awareness: smell, taste, visceral. insternal bodily states:hunger/pain/thirst/temp
integrates bodily states into higher cognitive and emotional processes
How does the insula relate to the amygdala?
Integrates bodily states into higher order cognitive and emotional responses
What is the insula’s role in empathy?
obervation of emotionally charged situations-> first person experienve
AIC activated by nasty smells and look of disgust on a person’s face
