Lesson2 Flashcards
focused more on transportation, navigation, communication, record-keeping, mass production, security and protection, health, aesthetics, and architecture.
Ancient Civilization
cradle of early civilization, which inspired in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) region of the Fertile Cresent between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Sumerian Civilization
- Considered the first true city in the world, the origin of writing the first example of architectural work, the origin of ziggurat, and the first city to develop the cylinder seal with the ancient Mesopotamians used to designate personal property or as signature on documents.
- Is a great wonder for the way it is erected.
- It is build using only mud or clay from the river which they mix with reeds, producing sun-baked bricks.
Uruk City
A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using wedge instruments and then left to dry.
Cuneiform
- Pyramidal stepped temple tower that is an architectural and religious structure characteristics of the major cities of Mesopotamia (now Iraq).
- Built with a core of mud brick and an exterior covered with baked brick.
The Great Ziggurat of Ur
the original dwellers of Mesopotamia. During this civilization, it’s city became rich centers of learning especially in the areas of astronomy, astrology (including the division of night sky into zodiac of constellations) mathematics, and medicine.
Babylonian Civilization
- Inscribed calculation methods on clay tablets shows multiplication table, addition, subtraction, sexagesimal, and also fractions. They even use Pythagorean Theorem
- In terms of science, it was all practical and used for the good of the state.
- They also used math to produce sige equipment and other facets of warfare.
Babylonian Math
became more important and associated with religion which led to astronomers to begin mapping out constellations, diving thirty-six into 3 circles represented by the gods Anu, Ellil, and Ea.
Astronomy
consisted of making temporal predictions and decisions based on the movements of the celestial objects.
Astrology
- This calendar pave way for Greek and Jewish scholars to predict eclipses. The year began on the spring equinox. It is a lunisolar calendar with years consisting of 12 lunar months. Each month beginning when a new crescent moon was observed. Month consist of 29-30 days. To keep year 352 days, a month was added every 3 years or so. Months were divided into weeks-each week had 7 days consisted of 24 hours, each hour consist of 60 mins, and each minute consist of 60 second.
Babylonian Calendars
the land of mysteries
Egyptian Civilization
are the most famous of all the ancient monuments, the only remaining wonder of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Egyptian Pyramid
During this civilization, they believed that the body and soul were important to human existence, in life and in death.
Egyptian Civilization
uses the light from the sun creating shadows.
Obelisk and Sundia
uses the gradual flow of water to tell time
Clepsydra
process of extracting copper, iron, and bronze from mines and many others but their greatest was gold. Mines supplied thousands of jobs for the people and gods were created based on the metals. These metals were then melted down and put into casts to create the many figurines and extravagant gold creations that they are known for. They also used similar techniques to make glass, which was very important in daily life
Metallurgy
was originally used as protection against eye ailments. There was also a belief that darkening around the eyes would protect one from the harsh rays of the sun.
Kohl
is a plant; used as a food source, to make rope, for sandals, as window shades, material for toys such as dolls, as amulets to ward off throat diseases, & even to make small fishing boats.
Paper/Papyrus
A system that employs characters in the form of pictures
hieroglyphic writing
During this civilization, They developed hypotheses about how the universe operated and believed that the natural world adhered to a set of rules that could be observed and understood via research.
Greek Civilization
helped with the production of rice, beans, and cereals.
Water Mill
They created doctor to patient confidentiality, and they also started to notice that diseases were curable (Ancient History Lists). Some of the diseases included leprosy, diabetes, anemia, and plague (Ancient Greece Mythology Diseases).
Earliest Practice of Medicine
Greeks were avid students of the natural world, which included studying living things. The History of Animals is a book that Aristotle composed after conducting extensive research on animals. He had a long-lasting impact on zoologists by categorizing animals based on their many traits. Aristotle’s work was carried on by other Greek scientists who studied and classified plants.
biology
The Greeks invented the _____ to help lift heavy items such as blocks for constructing buildings.
Crane
What civilization incorporated older Greek science for their own goals, assessing it, and then adopting or rejecting what was most helpful
Roman Civilization
is a book in the format used for modern books, with separate pages normally bound together and given a cover. Although the modern book is technically a _____, the term is used only for manuscripts.
Codex/Bound Books
