LESSON 2 - PHYLUM NEMATODA PART1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the common name of Ascaris lumbricoides?
A
Large intestinal roundworm / Roundworm of man
2
Q
The __________ worm resembles a whip and causes trichuriasis.
A
Whipworm
3
Q
Which nematode causes strongyloidiasis?
A
Strongyloides stercoralis
4
Q
The egg of Enterobius vermicularis is described as __________ because of its lopsided shape.
A
D-shaped
5
Q
What is the infective larval stage of hookworms called?
A
Filariform
6
Q
The __________ is the infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides that is found inside the egg.
A
Larva (L3 stage)
7
Q
What is the common name of Capillaria philippinensis?
A
Pudoc worm
8
Q
The __________ plugs on the ova of Trichuris trichiura are called hyaline plugs.
A
Bipolar
9
Q
What organ is primarily affected by Hookworm infection?
A
Small intestine
10
Q
The anterior end of a hookworm resembles a __________.
A
Hook
11
Q
What type of environment allows fertilized Ascaris eggs to mature?
A
Moist, alkaline, shaded soil
12
Q
The adult female Enterobius vermicularis lays eggs in the __________ area.
A
Perianal
13
Q
What diagnostic form of hookworm is found in feces?
A
Egg (L1 stage)
14
Q
The larva of Strongyloides stercoralis found in feces is in the __________ form.
A
Rhabditiform
15
Q
Which parasite causes creeping eruptions and ground itch?
A
Hookworm
16
Q
The most prominent physical feature of a male Ascaris is its __________ tail.
A
Curved
17
Q
What parasite is known for retroinfection?
A
Enterobius vermicularis
18
Q
The larval migration route from the heart to the lungs is known as __________ migration.
A
Heart-to-lung
19
Q
What nematode is commonly found in the Philippines and included in the ‘unholy trinity’?
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
20
Q
The outer layer of the Enterobius egg contains __________.
A
Albumin
21
Q
What is the shape of the ova of Trichuris trichiura?
A
Barrel / Football shaped
22
Q
Capillaria philippinensis eggs must reach the __________ to infect fish.
A
Water
23
Q
Which larval stage is described as “non-feeding” in nematodes?
A
L3 stage
24
Q
The esophageal bulb of Enterobius vermicularis is located in the __________ part.
A
Anterior
25
What helminth lays eggs directly on the perianal skin?
Enterobius vermicularis
26
Strongyloides stercoralis causes __________ diarrhea among Vietnam soldiers.
Cochin-China
27
Which helminth is known as the “military worm”?
Strongyloides stercoralis
28
The copulatory spicule tip of Necator americanus is described as __________.
Bidigitate
29
Which nematode exhibits parthenogenesis?
Strongyloides stercoralis
30
The “trinity” of soil-transmitted helminths includes Ascaris, Hookworm, and __________.
Trichuris
31
Which parasite uses cutting plates in its buccal capsule?
Necator americanus
32
__________ are cells in the stichosome of Capillaria philippinensis.
Stichocytes
33
Which parasite causes autoinfection and hyperinfection?
Capillaria philippinensis
34
An egg with a thick chitin shell and a rounder shape is likely __________.
Fertilized Ascaris egg
35
What is the shape of the Enterobius egg?
Oval with one flat side (D-shaped)
36
The unembryonated ova of Trichuris are passed in __________.
Stool
37
Which hookworm has visible teeth in its buccal capsule?
Ancylostoma duodenale
38
Hookworm adult worms are typically found in the __________.
Jejunum
39
The posterior tip of Ascaris is also called the __________.
Tail
40
Capillaria infections are acquired through eating raw __________.
Freshwater fish
41
Which helminth has peanut or guitar-shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs?
Capillaria philippinensis
42
Trichuris trichiura adult worms are commonly found in the __________.
Large intestine
43
What is the treatment for mild Ascariasis?
Albendazole or Mebendazole
44
The copulatory bursa is found in __________ hookworms.
Male
45
What larval form has a notched tail in Strongyloides stercoralis?
Filariform
46
The shape of the adult Trichuris resembles a __________.
Whip
47
What is the posterior color of Trichuris trichiura adult?
Pinkish gray
48
Ancylostoma duodenale resides in the __________.
Duodenum
49
What is the name of the infection caused by Hookworms?
Hookworm infection
50
Capillaria eggs must be ingested by __________ fish to continue its cycle.
Freshwater
51
What is the name of the disease caused by Strongyloides stercoralis?
Strongyloidiasis
52
Enterobius can cause a condition known as __________ ani.
Pruritus
53
Which helminth’s ova are often decorticated?
Ascaris lumbricoides
54
__________ is the term when the rectum comes out due to infection.
Rectal prolapse
55
Which parasite can be seen exiting the nose when triggered by meds?
Ascaris lumbricoides
56
Strongyloides exhibits a __________ life cycle due to internal and external phases.
Dual
57
Hookworm filariform larvae usually enter through the __________.
Skin
58
Ascaris eggs can survive in the soil for __________ weeks.
18 days to several weeks
59
What is the size range of fertilized Ascaris eggs?
40–75 μm by 30–50 μm
60
Which hookworm species has two pairs of visible teeth in its buccal capsule?
Ancylostoma duodenale
61
The adult female Strongyloides stercoralis reproduces through __________.
Parthenogenesis
62
What is the primary diagnostic form of Capillaria philippinensis seen in stool?
Unembryonated egg
63
The embryonated egg of Ascaris contains a larva and is considered __________.
Infective
64
Which helminth causes autoinfection both internally and externally?
Strongyloides stercoralis
65
Necator americanus has a __________ cleft in its copulatory bursa.
Deep
66
Which intestinal nematode can be found in the eye due to aberrant migration?
Strongyloides stercoralis
67
The smooth outer shell of a Trichuris egg is yellow-brown due to __________ contact.
Bile
68
What is the size range of Capillaria eggs?
36–45 μm x 20 μm
69
The male adult Hookworm has a prominent structure called __________ used for mating.
Copulatory bursa
70
What part of the hookworm larva is used to distinguish rhabditiform from filariform?
Tail and buccal cavity
71
The cuticle of adult hookworms is described as __________.
Somewhat thick
72
What type of ova has an amorphous mass of protoplasm and does not develop?
Unfertilized Ascaris egg
73
The infective Hookworm larvae penetrate through the __________.
Skin (bare feet)
74
What are the cells in Capillaria stichosome responsible for enzyme secretion?
Stichocytes
75
Enterobius eggs become infective within __________ hours after being laid.
4 to 6 hours
76
A child presents with intense itching at night. A D-shaped egg is found on tape test. What parasite is it?
Enterobius vermicularis
77
A barrel-shaped egg with bipolar plugs is observed in stool. What parasite is it?
Trichuris trichiura
78
A patient from Vietnam has eosinophilia and larvae in stool, no eggs. Likely cause?
Strongyloides stercoralis
79
__________ rays are used to identify hookworm species based on spicule structure.
Dorsal
80
A man develops diarrhea after eating raw fish. His stool has peanut-shaped eggs. Diagnosis?
Capillariasis
81
A soldier in China has ground itch and a microcytic anemia. Likely parasite?
Hookworm
82
A parasite seen only in larval form in feces, never as eggs?
Strongyloides stercoralis
83
A patient presents with vague abdominal pain, asthma-like symptoms, and increased eosinophils. A chest X-ray shows infiltrates. What parasite might be responsible?
Ascaris lumbricoides (due to heart-lung migration)
84
A parasite exits the host's body through the nose after anti-parasitic treatment. Which parasite exhibits this erratic migration?
Ascaris lumbricoides
85
In Strongyloides stercoralis, the female adult is __________, capable of reproducing without males.
Parthenogenic
86
A farmer complains of severe itching on the foot that turned into red streaks after walking barefoot in soil. What condition is this?
Ground itch (cutaneous larva migrans) caused by hookworm
87
A parasite completes its full development in the small intestine without leaving the host. What life cycle does this represent?
Internal autoinfection (e.g., Strongyloides stercoralis)
88
The infective stage of Hookworm that can live in the soil for weeks is the __________ larva.
Filariform
89
A patient eats raw “bagsit” fish from the Ilocos region. Weeks later, they experience borborygmi and severe diarrhea. What is the most likely parasite?
Capillaria philippinensis
90
Which parasite does not show ova in the stool and is instead diagnosed by its larval form?
Strongyloides stercoralis
91
The diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichiura seen in stool is the __________ egg.
Unembryonated
92
A child with insomnia and perianal itching has a tape test positive for D-shaped eggs. What is the mode of transmission?
Autoinfection via contaminated hands (fecal-oral)
93
Which nematode may cause rectal prolapse in children due to heavy infection?
Trichuris trichiura
94
The filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis has a __________ tail, unlike hookworms.
Notched
95
A patient presents with weight loss, watery diarrhea, and protein loss. They are from a rural area that eats raw freshwater fish. Likely parasite?
Capillaria philippinensis
96
Which two intestinal nematodes exhibit autoinfection?
Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis
97
The outer layer of Enterobius ova contains __________, while the inner contains lipids.
Albumin
98
A patient with eosinophilia, urticaria, and creeping eruption is treated with ivermectin. What is the likely parasite?
Strongyloides stercoralis
99
What is the final destination of Strongyloides if it passes through the inferior mesenteric vein?
Skin
100
The cephalic alae in Enterobius are __________-like structures used for signaling.
Fan-like or flaps
