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CELS191 ALEX > lecture 9 - photosynthesis > Flashcards

lecture 9 - photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell?

A

Chloroplast

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2
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> (plant,light) C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

A

6 Carbon dioxide, 6 water

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4
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

1 glucose, 6 oxygen

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5
Q

How many membranes do chloroplasts have?

A

3

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6
Q

What are the three membranes of a chloroplast?

A

Outer, inner, thylakoid

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7
Q

What are the three compartments of a chloroplast?

A

Inter membrane space, stroma, thylakoid space.

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8
Q

Where are chlorophyll/other pigments contained in a chloroplast?

A

In the thylakoid

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9
Q

What is a key structural feature of the thylakoid?

A

It contains a highly folded thylakoid membrane

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10
Q

What is the goal of the light reaction?

A

To capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy. (ATP)

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11
Q

What are the key components in the membrane involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

Photosystem II, cytochrome complex, Photosystem II, enzymes (NADPH reductase), ATP synthase

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12
Q

Where do the electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain come from?

A

The splitting of water molecules, which produces oxygen, H+ ions and electrons

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13
Q

What is the equation for the splitting of water in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

H2O is converted to 1/2O2 and 2H+ and 2e-

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14
Q

What occurs at Photosystem II in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

A pigment (chlorophyll) absorbs light energy, releasing high energy electrons which chemical energy.

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15
Q

How many electrons enter/exit photosystems in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

2

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16
Q

What occurs at the cytochrome complex?

A

High energy electrons lose energy by transferring it to allow H+ to move against its concentration gradient, across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid space.

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17
Q

What occurs at Photosystem I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

Electrons that have lost energy at the cytochrome complex are re-energised by light energy, via chlorophyll pigment absorption.

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18
Q

Where do high energy electrons go to after they leave Photosystem I in photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

To enzymes in the cell membrane that add them to carrying molecules - NADP+ - forming NADPH

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19
Q

Where is NADPH formed in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

At enzymes in the membrane that accept high energy electrons

20
Q

What occurs at ATP synthase in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

H+ move down their concentration gradient (energy-less) from thylakoid space to stroma, facilitating the formation of ATP from ADP + P.

21
Q

What is produced in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

6O2 as well as ATP and NADPH

22
Q

What is the reactant that is used up in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

6H2O

23
Q

What products of the photosynthetic electron transport chain are used by the Calvin cycle?

A

NADPH and ATP

24
Q

What photosynthesis reactant is reacted in the Calvin cycle?

A

6CO2

25
Q

What is the other name for the Calvin Cycle?

A

Carbon fixation

26
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

A

The stroma of a chloroplast

27
Q

Where does the photosynthetic electron transport chain take place?

A

The thylakoid membrane

28
Q

What are the 3 steps of the Calvin Cycle?

A

Fixation, Reduction,Regeneration

29
Q

What is the reactant used in the Calvin Cycle?

A

3CO2

30
Q

What is the process of fixation in the Calvin Cycle?

A

A 5 carbon molecule combines with CO2 to form 2 3 carbon molecules.

31
Q

What is the process of reduction in the Calvin cycle?

A

A 3 carbon molecule is converted into a different 3 carbon molecule. Energy is used up - 6ATP converted to ADP. 6 NADPH to 6NADP+

32
Q

How much ATP is used up in the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

A

6ATP

33
Q

How much NADPH is converted in the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

A

6NADPH

34
Q

How much ATP is used up in the regeneration phase of the Calvin Cycle?

A

3ATP

35
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce Glucose?

A

3

36
Q

What is glucose formed from in the Calvin Cycle?

A

3-carbon sugars

37
Q

What is the photosynthesis reactant and product of the Calvin Cycle?

A

6CO2 and C6H12O6 (glucose)

38
Q

What protein is ATP generated in, in both animal and plant cells?

A

ATP synthase

39
Q

Where is ATP synthase in an animal cell?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

40
Q

Where does ATP synthase sit in plant cells?

A

The thylakoid membrane

41
Q

What is the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

They originated as prokaryotes with aerobic or photosynthetic functions, and were engulfed by eukaryotes until they became essential for cell function, forming chloroplasts and mitochondria

42
Q

What is a stack of thylakoids?

A

A granum (plural grana)

43
Q

What is the size of a chloroplast?

A

2-5 µm

44
Q

Where is NADP+ formed into NADPH and what type of chemical process is it?

A

Reduction (electron gain) occurs at NADP+ reductase

45
Q

Where are protons pumped from and to in photosynthesis?

A

From stroma into the thylakoid space via the thylakoid membrane

CELS191 ALEX (35 decks)

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