Lecture 6- pharmacotherapeutics Flashcards
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors are used to treat depression and they cause …., …., and …. to remain active for longer
epi, norepi, dopamine
norepi, epi and dopamine are normally destroyed by the enzyme…
monoamine oxidase
taking a MAO inhibitor couples with red wine or cheese could cause
a hypertensive crisis (because of increase in norepi release)
… is responsible for metabolism of 60% of all drugs. Grapefruit juice reduces expression of this enzyme.
CYP3A4
there is a significant effect on the …. of a drug if the patient is taking antibiotics
pharmacokinetics
… tolerance is when the effective drug concentration is diminished
pharmacokinetic
… tolerance is when the response is diminished
pharmacodynamic
…. is a special kind of tolerance and it is a rapid loss of response after drug administration
tachyphylaxis
tyramine causes increased …. by promoting the release of …
tachyphylaxis develops because ….
HR and BP
norepi
norepi stores are depleted
pharmacodynamic tolerance is commonly observed with ….
CNS drugs (alter mood or thought, exampls: barbituates, caffeine, nicotine, morphine)
… inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K dependent factors (2,7,9 and 10) and the anticoagulant proteins C and S
warfarin
2 common allergenic drugs
PCNs
sulfonamides
(5% of the population)
it is common for drugs that are … to become allergenic
it is common for … drugs to become allergenic after conjugation to a protein
proteins
small
T/F antigenic potential of drugs vary
true. vary enormously.
T/F chemical changes (from heat or sunlight) can render a drug allergenic on the shelf
true
mediator of type 1 hypersensitivity rxn?
IgE
type …. hypersensitivity is an anaphylactic response and occurs within minutes to hours
1
mediator of type 2 hypersensitivity?
IgG, IgM
type … hypersensitivity is a cytotoxic response and occurs within several hours to days
2
type … hypersensitivity is an immune complex reaction
3
type … hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated immunity (T cell) and it has a delayed response and is usually localized
4
a drug that is category …. has positive evidence that human fetal risks exist, benefit of drug MAY warrant use in a pregnant woman
D
a drug that is category … has shown fetal abnormalities in humans or animals in studies. the potential risk outweighs the benefit
X
a drug that is category …. has shown no risk in the 1st trimester in studies and no evidence of problems later. safest for pregnancy
A
a drug that is category …. has shown adverse effects on fetus in animal studies
B
a drug that is category … has no adequate human studies and animal studies are either lacking or have shown adverse effects on fetus. benefit of drug MAY warrant use in pregnant women
C
sodium fluoride and levothyroxine are category
A
amoxicillin, erythromycin, lidocaine are category
B
atropine, topical hydrocortisone and morphine are category
C
systemic hydrocortisone and pentobarbital are category
D
estradiol, triazolam and warfarin are category
X
