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Physio Exam 4 (shelby) > Lecture 57 > Flashcards

Lecture 57 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: “Chemical & mechanical breakdown of ingested food into absorbable molecules; includes digestive secretions & mechanical mixing”

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Definition: “Movement of macronutrients, water, electrolytes from the intestinal lumen into the blood”

A

Absorption

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3
Q

What are the two pathways of absorption

A

Transcellular (across the luminal membrane by passive diffusion or transporter)
Paracellular (moves across the tight junctions btw/ the intestinal epithelial cells)

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4
Q

What is the structure of the surface of the intestinal mucosa

A

Has tranverse folds (fold of kerckring) that have fingerlike villi

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5
Q

Why does the intestinal mucosa have the fold of kerckring

A

To increase surface area & slow down digesta movement

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6
Q

Where are the largest villi found in the SI & where are the shortest villi found

A

Longest - Duodenum
Shortest - Ileum

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7
Q

What lines the villi to increase SA

A

Epithelial cells (enterocytes)
Goblet cells (produce mucous)

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8
Q

What lines the surface of the epithelial cells

A

microvilli known as the brush border

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9
Q

What is the turn over rate of epithelial cells in the GI tract

A

~ 3 to 6 days

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10
Q

What constitutes a large portion of domestic species diet

A

Carbohydrates

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11
Q

What type of carb is high in the natural diet of horses, cattle, & sheep

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

What type of carb are high performance horses & finishing cattle fed (so are pigs and chickens)

A

Starch

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13
Q

T/F: Dogs are CARNIVORES ONLY so they DON’T do well on diets of starch & some soluble fiber

A

F

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14
Q

What kind of carbs do a lot of cats mostly digest

A

Glycogen from prey diets or some starch in pet food diets

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15
Q

What is the primary source of energy for most cells

A

Glucose

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16
Q

How can glucose be obtained by the body

A

Injested
Made from a precursor
Converted from other metabolites

17
Q

T/F: Glucose CAN be supplied in diets by monosaccharides, disaccharides, & polysaccharides

A

T

18
Q

What type of saccharides are glucose, fructose, galactose, & ribose

A

Monosaccharides

19
Q

What type of saccharides are sucrose, maltose & lactose

A

Disaccharides

20
Q

What type of saccharides are starch, cellulose, glycogen, & hemicellulose

A

Polysaccharides

21
Q

What must happen for the body to be able to digest disaccharides

A

The bond between the 2 monosaccharides need to be broken

22
Q

What is the only polysaccharide not from a plant

A

Glycogen

23
Q

Ingested carbs must be digested into ________ to be absorbed by enterocytes

A

Monosaccharides

24
Q

How does carb digestion start

A

By enzymtic cleavage & the release of oligosaccharides (dextrins & short chains), disaccharides, & some monosaccharides

25
Q

Which enzyme: is in the salivary glands & the pancreas, and only cleaves interal linkages [1,4 glycosidic bonds] of amylose

A

alpha amylase

26
Q

Which enzyme: cleaves the linear or branched portions of amylose or glycogen

A

Glucoamylase (or known as amyloglucosidase)

27
Q

Which enzyme: Is a brush border enzyme & is used to break oligosaccharides

A

Alpha dextrinase (or known as alpha glucosidase)

28
Q

Which enzyme: is a brush border enzyme that cleaves maltose into 2 glucose units

A

Maltase

29
Q

Which enzyme: is a brush border enzyme that cleaves sucrose

A

Sucrase

30
Q

Which enzyme: is a brush border enzyme that cleaves lactose

A

Lactase

31
Q

What monosaccharides are absorbed

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

32
Q

What is needed for the digestion of cellulose or hemicellulose

A

Microbial enzymes

33
Q

What transport is used for the absorption of glucose & galactose from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte

A

Uses Na dependent co transport
SGLT 1 (a Na/glucose transporter for both glucose & galactose)

34
Q

What transport is used for the absorption of fructose from the intestinal lumen into the enterocyte

A

Uses facilitated diffusion
GLUT 5 is a fructose specific facilitated diffusion

35
Q

What transport is used for the absorption of glucose, galactose, & fructose from the enterocyte into the blood

A

Uses facilitated diffusion
GLUT 2

36
Q

What happens if the body fails to digest an absorbable form of carbohydrates

A

They remain in the lumen & hold water to remain isosmotic which lead to osmotic diarrhea

37
Q

What is lactose intolerance

A

A lactase deficiency seen in adult humans and domestic animals
Can also lead to osmotic diarrhea

Physio Exam 4 (shelby) (14 decks)

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