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Physio Exam 4 (shelby) > Lecture 50 > Flashcards

Lecture 50 Flashcards

1
Q

What defines Acidemia?

A

Increased H+ concentration in blood

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2
Q

According to the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, blood pH is determined by:

A

Ratio of HCO3- to CO2 concentration

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3
Q

In metabolic acidosis, the primary disturbance involves:

A

Decreased HCO3- concentration

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4
Q

The normal plasma anion gap range is:

A

8-16 mEq/L

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5
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by:

A

Hyperventilation

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6
Q

What are the unmeasured anions in plasma

A

Proteins
Sulfate
Phosphate

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7
Q

In chronic renal failure, the metabolic acidosis is primarily caused by:

A

Inability to excrete fixed H+

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8
Q

The compensatory response in metabolic acidosis is

A

Hyperventilation

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9
Q

An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis can be caused by what disease

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

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10
Q

According to the acid-base compensation rules, when a respiratory disturbance occurs, the compensatory response is:

A

Renal (metabolic)

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11
Q

In the Stewart approach to acid-base balance, what is the primary focus of analysis?

A

Balance of electrical charge

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12
Q

For Metabolic Acidosis, what is the primary cause?

A

Decreased Bicarbonate

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13
Q

What is the compensation mechanism for Respiratory Acidosis?

A

Bicarbonate Reabsorption

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14
Q

In Respiratory Alkalosis, what is happening to CO2?

A

Decreased CO2

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15
Q

The compensation mechanism for Metabolic Alkalosis is:

A

Reduced CO2 Elimination

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16
Q

What is the normal stomach pH for dogs?

A

5.4

17
Q

What disease is a cause of excessive acid production?

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis

18
Q

In cases of chronic vomiting, what is the primary acid-base disorder and how does the body compensate

A
  • Primary: Metabolic alkalosis
  • Compensates: with hypoventilation (respiratory acidosis)
19
Q

What is the normal bicarbonate range for dogs and cats?

A

19-25 mEq/L

20
Q

During acid-base interpretation, what is the first step in assessing a patient’s condition?

A

Determine pH

21
Q

In respiratory compensation, how much does the pH decrease for every 10 mmHg increase in PCO2 above 40?

A

0.05 units

22
Q

What characterizes metabolic acidosis?

A

Low bicarbonate levels

23
Q

In respiratory acidosis, what primarily occurs?

A

Inability to blow off CO2

24
Q

Which buffer system maintains a 20:1 ratio of HCO3to H2CO3

A

Bicarbonate buffer

25
Q

What is a key limitation of respiratory buffering?

A

It cannot handle fixed acids

26
Q

In the renal acid elimination mechanisms, ammonium (NH4) excretion is considered:

A

An alternative mechanism for acid removal

27
Q

What are the primary functions of the renal buffering mechanisms

A
  • Eliminate large acids quantities
  • Excrete bases
  • Conserve bicarbonate ions
28
Q

The Stewart Approach to acid-base disorders is characterized by:

A

Advanced physiochemical analysis

Physio Exam 4 (shelby) (14 decks)

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