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AGRY 320 - Lectures > Lecture 4 - Transcription > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

Humans can have up ________ origins of replication

A

100,000

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2
Q

In what direction does DNA replication occur?

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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3
Q

Is an RNA primer required to synthesize the lagging strand?

A

Yes

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4
Q

How many origins of replication do bacterial chromosomes have?

A

1

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

the fundamental and functional unit of heredity that carries information from one generation to the next

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6
Q

What is transcription?

A

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

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7
Q

Where does transcription occur in a bacterial cell? in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Bacteria = cytoplasm
Eukaryote = Nucleus

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8
Q

Where does translation occur in a bacterial cell? In a eukaryotic cell?

A

Bacteria and eukaryote = cytoplasm

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9
Q

What are the main differences between RNA and DNA?

A
  1. Ribose vs deoxyribose sugar
  2. Uracil vs thymine
  3. Single stranded molecule
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10
Q

What is a nucleoside made up of?

A

nitrogenous base, sugar

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11
Q

What is a free nucleotide made up of?

A

nitrogenous base, sugar, triphosphate

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12
Q

What are properties of RNA?

A
  1. Ribose
  2. Uracil
  3. ss molecule
  4. 5’ to 3’ polarity
  5. some RNAs are catalytically active (ribozymes and microRNAs)
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13
Q

What are ribozymes?

A

RNAs that function like protein enzymes

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14
Q

What are microRNAs?

A

small RNAs that can bind to other RNAs and have regulatory function

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15
Q

What is the coding strand?

A

the strand that looks like the RNA strand (T’s not U’s)

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16
Q

What is the template strand?

A

the strand that is used to build the mRNA, the “complement”

17
Q

Where does water come from in phosphodiester bond synthesis?

A

3’ OH group and 5’ H

18
Q

Does transcription need a primer?

A

No

19
Q

Transcription of DNA sort of looks like a “Christmas tree” where is the transcription termination site?

A

at the base of the “tree”

20
Q

What is rRNA?

A

ribosomal RNA, part of the ribosome in transcription

21
Q

What is tRNA?

A

transfer RNA, transfers amino acids

22
Q

When DNA unwinds for transcription, it forms a _______

A

transcription bubble

23
Q

What does initiation of transcription look like in prokaryotes?

A
  1. RNA polymerase complex binds near the transcription start site and begins RNA synthesis
24
Q

What site is the transcription start site?

A

+1

25
Q

True or False: both DNA strands can serve as a template for RNA synthesis

A

True

26
Q

What is another name for coding strand?

A

sense strand

27
Q

What is another name for template strand?

A

anti-sense strand

28
Q

What are promoters?

A

sequence that defines the initiation and direction of transcription

29
Q

What site is the shine and dalgarno box?

A

-35

30
Q

What site is the TATA box?

A

-10

AGRY 320 - Lectures (6 decks)

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