Lecture 4: 12/07/22

Question 1

According to the Fermentation video, which of these is the four kinds of cells that can handle the no oxygen environment?

Answer 1

Bacteria, archaea, yeast and muscle cells

Question 2

According to the Fermentation video, does fermentation produce more or less ATP than aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Fermentation produces less ATP because there is no oxygen

Question 3

steps of ethanol fermentation

Answer 3

look at diagram

Question 4

Why is it bad if an organism keeps on completing ethanol fermentation within a closed container where the ethanol cannot escape as it is created?

Answer 4

More than 12% and it’ll kill the species producing it

Question 5

steps in lactic acid fermentation

Answer 5

look at diagram

Question 6

Why is it a bad thing if an organism produced too much lactate during the fermentation process within the muscle cells?

Answer 6

Muscle Function interruption

Question 7

What are the macromolecules that can also be broken down for energy?

Answer 7

nucleic acids, proteins, fats

Question 8

Which statement describes deamination?

Answer 8

The process of breaking down a protein is called this because you are removing the amino acid group from the proteins itself.

Question 9

Which statement describes β-oxidation?

Answer 9

breaking down fatty acids + glycerol, a bunch of redox’s to end with acetyl CoA

Question 10

The respiration of a six-carbon fatty acid yields __________ more ATP than the respiration of glucose.

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

A fatty acid will also weigh ___________ (percent or fraction) less than a glucose molecule of the same size.

Answer 11

2/3 or 66%

Question 12

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, about how long ago did the first organism use the process of photosynthesis

Answer 12

450 million years ago

Question 13

According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, what three physical components (morphological parts) allow vascular plants to complete photosynthesis?

Answer 13

Xylem, stomata, chlorophyll

Question 14

within a chloroplast, there is a thylakoid which stores chlorophyll. The thylakoids are stacked into _____________, inside the thylakoids is the ______________, and outside the thylakoids (and technically surrounding it) is the ______________.

Answer 14

grana, lumen & stroma

Question 15

In what organism can Photosynthesis occur?

Answer 15

Bacteria (some), Algae + Protists, leaves and stems of plants

Question 16

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-dependent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 16

1. Need sunlight ( to make ATP and NADPH)
2. Need chloroplast

Question 17

Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-independent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 17

With or without light, can really take place at any time. Only thing being done is the energy is taken from ATP and NADPH to do a bunch of reactions and using CO2 you make glucose. From a gas you end with solid.

Question 18

What is the overall equation of the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 18

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → Glucose (carbon fixation) + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 19

Chloroplast

Answer 19

Look at a diagram

Question 20

Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 20

Thylakoids

Question 21

Where within a chloroplast do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 21

Stroma

Question 22

_______________ are found within thylakoids and are capable of capturing photons which are used as energy during the photosynthetic process.

Answer 22

Photosystems