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Anatomy Exam 3 (Shelby) > Lecture 23 - Endocrine & Mammary Glands > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Endocrine & Mammary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

How does the endocrine system differ from other systems?

A

the organs and glands are not in direct continuity

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2
Q

_____ synthesis is a common function for all endocrine glands.

A

hormone

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3
Q

T/F: One of the common features of endocrine glands is the absence of secretory ducts.

A

T

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4
Q

Where do endocrine glands deliver their secretory products (hormones)?

A

blood, lymph, or tissue fluid

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5
Q

The endocrine glands work with what system in order to maintain homeostasis?

A

nervous system

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6
Q

Hormones’ effects are [fast/slow] compared with the nervous system’s effects, but last longer.

A

slow

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7
Q

List the 5 primary endocrine glands.

A

Hypophysis, pineal gland, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands

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8
Q

What is the only function of primary endocrine glands?

A

produce hormones

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9
Q

The pineal gland is formerly known as what?

A

epiphysis

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10
Q

The pituitary gland is also known as what?

A

hypophysis

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11
Q

What is the fossa in the skull in which the hypophysis is situated?

A

hypophyseal fossa

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12
Q

The hypophyseal fossa is located in a saddle-shaped depression in the basisphenoid bone of the skull that is called what?

A

sella turcica

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13
Q

The hypophysis is formed by what two parts?

A

adenohypophysis and neurophyophysis

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14
Q

The tissue of the neurohypophysis comes from what organ?

A

brain

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15
Q

The tissue of the adenohypophysis comes from what organ?

A

pharynx

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16
Q

The adenohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by what kind of system?

A

portal blood system (hypophyseal portal system)

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17
Q

The neurohypophysis is connected to the hypothalamus by axons in what kind of stem?

A

neural stem

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18
Q

What 6 hormones come from the adenohypophysis?

A

GH, TSH, ACTH,FSH, LH, and prolactin

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19
Q

What 2 hormones comes from the neurohypophysis?

A

oxytocin and ADH

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20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is also known as what?

A

vasopressin hormone

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21
Q

The neurohypophysis is an extension of what organ?

A

encephalon

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22
Q

Which primary endocrine gland inside the encephalon secretes melatonin and has a very close relationship with the eyes?

A

pineal gland

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23
Q

Melatonin modulates what in both circadian and seasonal cycles?

A

sleep patterns

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24
Q

The shape of the penial gland resembles what?

A

pine cone

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25
Q

Iguanas and some other reptiles have a “_____ _____” that goes to the outside of the body and is covered by a thin, transparent membrane. It is photoreceptive and helps regulate the circadian rhythm.

A

pineal eye

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26
Q

The pineal gland calcifies in humans over what age range? The gland still works.

A

30-35 years

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27
Q

The thyroid glands produce which thyroid hormones?

A

T3 and T4

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28
Q

T/F: In most dogs, the thyroid is a paired gland with a right and left lobe and sometimes overlaps the larynx.

A

T

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29
Q

The thyroid glands occasionally may be connected by what structure?

A

isthmus

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30
Q

How many parathyroid glands do dogs usually have? How many on each side? They are very closely related with the thyroid and are hard to see without dissecting the thyroid.

A

4 (2 on each side)

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31
Q

Which glands produce parathyroid hormones?

A

parathyroid glands

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32
Q

In dogs and cats, where are the parathyroid glands usually located?

A

embedded in the thyroid gland

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33
Q

T/F: The parathyroid glands are NOT important for having healthy bones.

A

F

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34
Q

Parathyroid glands are _____ which contrasts with the red-brick color of the thyroid glands.

A

pale

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35
Q

Exocrine glands release (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto the body’s external surfaces or within what?

A

cavity surfaces

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36
Q

List 5 of the products of exocrine glands. Remember that they do not produce hormones.

A

sweat, tears, saliva, digestive juices, and milk

37
Q

Mammary glands (mammae) are enlarged _____ glands.

A

sweat

38
Q

Each mammary gland is separated by what structure?

A

connective tissue septa

39
Q

Mammary glands develop in mammary ridges (lines) that extend from the axilla region to what region?

A

inguinal region

40
Q

Each teat can secrete colostrum or milk via one or multiple what?

A

papillary ducts

41
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands do dogs normally have?

A

5

42
Q

How many pairs of mammary glands do cats normally have?

A

4

43
Q

Each mammary gland in dogs usually has how many openings?

A

10 to 12

44
Q

Each mammary gland in cats usually has how many openings?

A

4 to 8

45
Q

Mammary tumor metastasis usually travels through what system?

A

lymphatic system

46
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Pituitary gland

47
Q

What structures are represented by number 2?

A

Parathyroid glands

48
Q

What structures are represented by number 3?

A

Adrenal glands

49
Q

What structures are represented by number 4?

A

Ovaries

50
Q

What structures are represented by number 5?

A

Testes

51
Q

What structure is represented by number 6?

A

Pancreas

52
Q

What structure is represented by number 7?

A

thyroid gland

53
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Hypophyseal fossa

54
Q

What structure is represented by number 2?

A

sella turcica

55
Q

What structure is represented by number 3?

A

Dorsum sellae

56
Q

What structure is represented by number 4?

A

foramen magnum

57
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Hypophyseal portal system

58
Q

What structure is represented by number 2?

A

Neural stem

59
Q

What structure is represented by number 3?

A

Neurohypophysis

60
Q

What structure is represented by number 4?

A

Adenohypophysis

61
Q

What structure is indicated by the yellow arrow and outlined in green?

A

Adenohypophysis

62
Q

What structure is indicated by the yellow arrow and outlined in white?

A

Neurohypophysis

63
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Neurohypophysis

64
Q

What structure is represented by number 2?

A

Adenohypophysis

65
Q

What structure is represented by the blue arrow and dot?

A

Dorsum sellae

66
Q

What structure is represented by the red arrow?

A

Pineal gland

67
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Thalamus

68
Q

What structure is represented by number 2?

A

Pineal gland

69
Q

What structure is represented by the red arrow?

A

Pineal gland

70
Q

What structure is represented by the red arrow?

A

Thyroid gland

71
Q

Letter A belongs to which species?

A

Cow, ewe, and goat

72
Q

Letter B belongs to which species?

A

Mare and sow

73
Q

Letter C belongs to which species?

A

Dog and cat

74
Q

What structures are represented by number 1?

A

Thoracic mammary glands

75
Q

What structures are represented by number 2?

A

Abdominal mammary glands

76
Q

What structure is represented by number 3?

A

Inguinal mammary gland

77
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Sternal lymph node

78
Q

What structures are represented by number 2?

A

Axillary and accessory axillary lymph nodes

79
Q

What structures are represented by number 3?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

80
Q

What structure is represented by number 1?

A

Accessory axillary lymph node

81
Q

What structure is represented by number 2?

A

Axillary lymph node

82
Q

What structure is represented by number 3?

A

Thoracic duct

83
Q

What structure is represented by number 4?

A

Cisterna chyli

84
Q

What structure is represented by number 5?

A

Lumbar lymphatic trunk

85
Q

What structure is represented by number 6?

A

Medial iliac lymph node

86
Q

What structure is represented by number 7?

A

Sacral lymph node

87
Q

What structure is represented by number 8?

A

Superficial popliteal lymph node

88
Q

What structure is represented by number 9?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph node

89
Q

What structure is represented by number 10?

A

Visceral lymphatic trunk

Anatomy Exam 3 (Shelby) (11 decks)

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