Lecture 2: Hazard ID & Tox 1 Flashcards
Describe the duties of the risk assessor during the hazard id phase
1) gather property information (location, current use, historical use, future use)
2) Gather data for haz waste sites (chemical measurements in soil, gw, sw, and air) and physical measurements (wind, gradients, temperature, turbulence)
3) make chemicals of concern list (highest exp/ highest risk)
What considerations should be made when developing a chemicals of concern list?
1) High avg/ max concentration
2) Env persistence
3) High toxicity (carcinogen, teratogen, reproductive toxicity)
4) High frequency of detection
5) Great mobility in env
6) High public concern/ awareness
What is the main question associated with hazard id?
Do chemicals present cause/ potentially cause adverse health effects?
During the hazard ID phase, what factors impact exposure?
- route
- duration
- frequency
During the hazard ID phase, what are other factors that can impact the hazard?
- diet
- lifestyle
- occupation
What are important questions to consider when completing the hazard ID?
- Chemical/ agent
- Exposure assessment info (has it been released into the environment? Is it added to food?)
- Is the compound new?
- Physical/ chemical characteristics
- Bioaccumulation
What are the hazard ID study types?
BEST: Human (Epi, occupational health)
**Best: cohort, next case/ control
Next best: Whole animal studies (Toxicology)
**Acute toxicity studies (LD50)
** Chronic studies (best), expensive and time-consuming, proper design is crucial, consider dose, sacrifice time and species selected)
For animals studies- need to consider the route of exposure
- In- vitro studies (cells)
- Structure/ function tox (Europe)
- ID active compounds in metabolism
What are the different ways to expose an animal to a chemical for toxicity testing?
- intravenous
- Intraperitoneal
- intramuscular
- subcutaneous
- oral
