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HUNT243 > Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Lecture 15 Flashcards

Toddler and preschool nutrition

1
Q

what is the age of a toddler

A

children aged between 1 and 3 years

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2
Q

what happens to growth velocity in toddlers

A

it slows

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3
Q

what happens with toddlers appetite

A

coinciding with slowing growth

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4
Q

in toddlers there is a rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills with subsequently …….

A

subsequently increases in independence, exploration and language

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5
Q

what are gross motor skills

A

use of large muscle groups exhibited as walking along, running, walking up stairs, hopping, skipping

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6
Q

what are fine motor skills

A

smaller muscle groups demonstrated by stacking objects, scribbling, copying shapes

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7
Q

there is a dramatic development in language between what ages in toddlers

A

18 to 24 months

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8
Q

what is preschool age

A

between ages 3 to 5 years

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9
Q

what increases at pre school age

A

characterised by increasing autonomy

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10
Q

at pre school age there is an increased need for

A

rituals / regularity = they like to know what is happening next

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11
Q

pre school kids have a drive to

A

be independent

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12
Q

there are increasing fine motor and visual coordination with pre school age kids, what are examples of these

A
  • use cups and utensils
  • prefer to eat with their hands
  • happy self feeding and exploring new tastes
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13
Q

from 12 months, infants should be eating

A

the same foods as the rest of the family = family foods

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14
Q

what should be offered with meals for toddlers

A

offer water or milk with meals

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15
Q

what remains a concern for toddlers

A

choking remains a concern because highchair, eating ‘on the run’, mouth stuffing, pocketing food

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16
Q

Ministry of health introduced new guidlines in 2021 to

A

reduce the risk of choking in toddlers
- Lunchbox restrictions in ECE

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17
Q

what are foods that are often banned from kids lunches

A
  • nuts and seeds
  • hard or chewy sweets, marshmallow
  • sausages and saveloys
  • dried fruit
  • popcorn
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18
Q

what is important about meal times with toddlers

A

routine and regular meals are important

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19
Q

parents often what with portion sizes for toddlers

A

often overestimate portion sizes

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20
Q

we should allow children to ask for …….

A

ask for more of something on offer on their plate, don’t have a large overwhelming plate

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21
Q

we should offer toddlers a variety of

A

foods

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22
Q

what are the recommended servings from MOH for vegetables for toddlers

A

2-3 servings

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23
Q

what are the recommended servings from MOH for fruit for toddlers

A

half a serving

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24
Q

what are the recommended servings from MOH for grain foods for toddlers

A

4 servings

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25
Q

what are the recommended servings from MOH for protein / legumes etc for toddlers

A

1 serving

26
Q

what are the recommended servings from MOH for milk and milk products for toddlers

A

1-1.5 servings

27
Q

why is cows milk as a drink for toddlers important

A

important for toddlers as it provides energy, protein, calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12

28
Q

what type of cows milk is recommended for a drink for toddlers

A

whole (dark blue) cows milk

29
Q

what milks should not be used before 2 years of age and why

A

reduced fat milks should not be used before 2 years of age due to childs high energy requirement

30
Q

toddlers should not have more than how many mls milk per day

A

350 ml per day

31
Q

why should toddlers not have more than 350ml per day

A

low in iron

displaces nutrient rich foods in the diet

32
Q

toddler milks are what

A

cows milk based drinks that are fortified with minerals and vitamins such as iron iodine, vitamin D and Vitamin C

33
Q

what are toddler milks promoted as

A

promoted as alternatives to cows milk (“nutritionally superior”) for infants over the age of 12 months

34
Q

what does the MoH and WHO say about toddler milks

A

they do not recommend them

35
Q

why does the MoH currently not recommend toddler milks

A
  • can continue a childs preference for milk : limits variety in foods
  • achieving optimal nutrition from a variety of foods is important to set up healthy eating behaviours
  • they are expensive
36
Q

fruit juice should not be

A

sipped throughout the day

or as a means to calm an upset child

37
Q

AAP (american academy of paediatrics) recommends no more than how much fruit juice a day for toddlers

A

120ml

38
Q

there is a lack of knowledge about feeding toddlers what

A

lack of knowledge on safety of caffeine or sweeteners under 5 years of age

39
Q

what are some characteristics of toddler behaviour

A
  • the emergence of “no
  • easily distracted
  • learning to self regulate (includes their eating behaviour)
  • over stimulation
  • shyness and fear of strangers
  • biting, pinching and hair pulling
40
Q

what are food jags

A

selective , fussy , picky eaters

41
Q

toddlers displaying selective eating is

A

common in toddlers and normal part of child development

42
Q

do we know why toddlers go through selective eating periods

A

no we dont 100% know, could be some sort of protective mechanism possibly or their drive to be independent

43
Q

how to create a confident eater and reduce the fussy eating

A

Responsive feeding - Let you baby or toddler guide you about how much they eat. Encourage your child to eat, but dont force them

-sit with you baby or toddler while they eat or drink and include them in family mealtimes
-From a young age encourage your child to feed themselves

44
Q

why is responsive feeding important

A
  • helps with their natural ability to self regulate their food intake and appetite
  • relaxed mealtimes creates positive eating experiences
  • family meal times means that older family members can role model
45
Q

what is the division of responsibility that was suggested by Ellyn Satter

A

parent chooses what, when and where the child eats

child chooses whether and how much they eat

46
Q

in the division of responsibility what are the responsibilities of the parent

A
  • choose and prepare the food
  • provide regular snacks and meals
  • make eating times pleasant
  • show children how to behave at meal times
  • be considerate of children’s lack of food experience without catering to likes and dislikes
  • let children grow up and get bodies that are right for them
47
Q

in the division of responsibility what are the responsibilities of the child

A
  • children will eat
  • they will eat the amount they need
  • they will learn to eat the food their parents eat
  • they will grow predictably
  • they will learn to behave well at mealtime
48
Q

tips to prevent fussy eating

A
  • ensure they are hungry when they sit down to a meal
  • provide small portions with a variety of offerings
  • provide plenty of opportunities to try foods
  • avoid pressure and stress at mealtimes
  • have adults role model eating the food and talk positively about the food
49
Q

other ways to prevent fussy eating

A
  • praise the child when they try a new food
  • reward with stickers
  • resist the temptation to replace the offered food with a favourite food
  • end the meal within reasonable time (for example 30 mins) and clear plate away without comment
50
Q

how to introduce new foods to a selective eater

A
  • provide a testing plate
  • offer new foods with accepted foods
  • get the child involved in the kitchen
  • older family members role model mealtime eating
  • repeated exposure
  • no stress, make mealtimes enjoyable
51
Q

food rewards are typically

A

energy dense and nutrient por, containing added sugar, fat and / or salt in combinations that maximise palatability

52
Q

a review of data to date said that sweets may decrease

A

decrease the preference for the foods kids already like, and increase their preference for the reward food

53
Q

what is recommended about food rewards

A

recommended that should not be used in order to make children eat everyday, well accepted foods

54
Q

watching Tv while eating makes it difficult for young children to

A

recognise their fullness cues and can lead to over eating

and for them to eat responsively

55
Q

screen time can be tempting for

A

fussy eaters to make them eat but shouldn’t be used

56
Q

what is said about the transition from a high chair in toddlers

A

no recommendation period but anywhere from 18 months to 3 years

57
Q

the transition from high chair is often accelerated by

A

older siblings - desire to be a big kid

58
Q

how many out of 10 toddlers consumed discretionary foods in the OzFits study

A

9/10

discretionary foods contributed to 13% of total energy intake

59
Q

what are discretionary foods

A

foods high in energy, saturated fat, salt and / or sugar

60
Q

what was a key finding about sodium in the Ozfit study and what could this mean for them later in life

A

1/3 toddlers consumed > upper limit (1000mg/day)

this may influence preferences for salty foods into adulthood, high sodium intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease

HUNT243 (16 decks)

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