Lecture 1 Quiz 2

Question 1

Briefly describe what the mitosis process produces

Answer 1

Mitosis produces two daughter cells from a parent cell that are identical in structure. They are somatic cells and each will have 46 chromosomes. This is known as duploid - ie the cell goes through one process to get 2 new cells - so 1 division creating 2 identical daughters

Question 2

Meiosis is a process that produces what type of cells?

Answer 2

This happens with gamate (sex) cells - it produces 4 haploid cells through 2 divisions . when a male and female fertilise this leads to a zygote cell being produced - ie two pairs of each 23 chromosomes. Each of these have 23 chromosomes and they are not identical. The zygote cells then undergo misosis and develops to an embryo and after 8 weeks becomes a feotus

Question 3

Define the term mutation

Answer 3

A change in the genetic DNA sequence - a DNA sequence consists of 4 amino acids (A,C,T,G) and a mutation changes the sequence through differing mechanisms

Question 4

State TWO major differences between passive and active transport

Answer 4

Passive transport requires no energy as it is moving from a high concentration area to a low one eg downhill whilst active transport requires energy eg a pump to push it eg heart - as it has to move from a low concentration area to a high one eg uphill

Question 5

What is moving during osmosis?

Answer 5

Water - (passive movement)

Question 6

Name the type of gland that secretes its products to ducts

Answer 6

Exocrine (milk, sebum, sweat, saliva etc

Question 7

Name two protein fibres found in connective tissue

Answer 7

collagen and elastin

Question 8

Name TWO body systems where mucous membranes exist

Answer 8

Digestive and respiratory

Question 9

Name the serous membrane surrounding the lungs

Answer 9

Pleura

Question 10

Explain the role of goblet cells

Answer 10

Produce and secrete mucus to protect the membrane lining from mechanical and chemical injury and to trap foreign particles in the respiratory tract