lecture 1 - introduction to research and design (1)

Question 1

research

Answer 1

systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the goal of advancing knowledge

Question 2

how may research be classified based on

Answer 2

1. level of application of the findings to ‘real life’ situations
2. support of findings and conclusions
3. type of data used

Question 3

pure research

Answer 3

takes place to explore a phenomena, concept or issue without regard to solving a specific problem to understand it better

Question 4

applied research

Answer 4

solve a specific problem or to provide a solution to a practical question

Question 5

primary research

Answer 5

collection of original data specific to a research project

Question 6

secondary research

Answer 6

using existing source of data for a research project

Question 7

theoretical research

Answer 7

use findings from existing works to develop new ideas through analysing existing theories and explanations

Question 8

empirical research

Answer 8

supports development of new ideas through the collection of data

Question 9

main methods of research used in exercise and sports science

Answer 9

quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research

Question 10

categories of quantitative research methods

Answer 10

descriptive - quantifying the phenomena we are interested in

experimental - actively intervening to measure how the phenomena changes

contrast or quasiexperimental - only observe difference in the phenomena not intervene

correlation or association - studies the relationship between two or more measurements

Question 11

categories of qualitative research methods

Answer 11

observational studies, interview studies, documentary/ textual analysis

Question 12

ethics

Answer 12

balancing obligations to science and society; protecting rights and welfare of participants

Question 13

hypothesis

Answer 13

specific, clear and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible outcome

Question 14

sampling

Answer 14

representativeness of the population; random or non random

Question 15

control and rigor

Answer 15

guidelines are followed to decrease the possibility of error; the right designs is used

Question 16

extraneous variables

Answer 16

interference in the hypothesized relationships between variables and the influence on the study findings

Question 17

Ethical framework

Answer 17

respect for persons - informed consent
beneficence - welfare of research participant as goal of study
justice - equitable distribution of risks and benefits

Question 18

ethical principles

Answer 18

1. moral - values, individual conscience, conflict of interest
2. academic and professional - reporting, acknowledgement, plagiarism
3. data gathering - voluntary participation, informed consent, no harm

Question 19

properties of research hypothesis

Answer 19

1. whether the hypothesis represents a difference between groups or a relationship hypothesis
2. whether it is the null hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis
3. whether the hypothesis is directional or nondirectional

Question 20

population

Answer 20

all the individuals we wish to stud and generalise our results

Question 21

sample

Answer 21

smaller part of the population we can study

Question 22

individual

Answer 22

what we are conducting an experiment on

Question 23

random variable

Answer 23

something we can measure about an individual that has a probabilistic component

Question 24

factor

Answer 24

anything that could potentially change the outcome of a random variable

Question 25

effect

Answer 25

change in the random variable due to the factor

Question 26

what is the aim of an experiment

Answer 26

determine the size of the effect

Question 27

considerations of an experimental design

Answer 27

1. reliability and validity
2. confounders and biases
3. significance and power
4. replicability