Learning ch. 1

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Gradual Change

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Survival of the fittest.

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

Beneficial Trait

Question 4

Genetic Variation

Answer 4

Diverse Genes

Question 5

Fitness

Answer 5

Reproductive success

Question 6

Heritability

Answer 6

Passed-down traits

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

New species

Question 8

Common descent

Answer 8

Shared ancestors

Question 9

Learning

Answer 9

Behavior change due to experience or environment

Question 10

Experience

Answer 10

Provides raw material for learning

Question 11

Experience

Answer 11

Source of information, challenges, feedback

Question 12

Experience

Answer 12

Catalyzes change in behavior and thinking

Question 13

Experience

Answer 13

Reinforces or weakens learned behaviors

Question 14

Experience

Answer 14

Personalizes learning outcome

Question 15

Learning vs. Natural selection

Answer 15

Learning is much faster

Question 16

Natural selection

Answer 16

Slow generational change

Question 17

Learning

Answer 17

Rapid, within- lifetime adaptation

Question 18

Behavior

Answer 18

Anything measurable that a person/animal does.

Question 19

Behavior includes:

Answer 19

Observable actions, physiological responses, thoughts/feelings

Question 20

Reflex: Definition

Answer 20

Simple, automatic responses to specific stimuli

Question 21

Key Indicator

Answer 21

Change in behavior often signals learning

Question 22

Reflex:
Purpose

Answer 22

Rapid, involuntary protection/homeostasis

Question 23

Reflex:
Example

Answer 23

Human Reflex: Knee-jerk, pupil

Question 24

Non-human: Reflex

Answer 24

Withdrawal, startle

Question 25

Modal Action Patterns (MAPs)
Definition:

Answer 25

Complex, innate behavioral sequences

Question 26

Modal Action Patterns
Purpose

Answer 26

Important functions (mating, parenting, etc.)

Question 27

Modal Action Patterns (MAPs)
Example: Human

Answer 27

Yawning, baby grasping

Question 28

Modal Action Patterns (MAPs)
Example:
Non-human

Answer 28

Bird nest-building, spider web-spinning

Question 28

General Behavior Traits:
Definition

Answer 28

Tendencies to behave in certain ways

Question 29

General Behavior Traits:
Purpose

Answer 29

Contribute to personality and survival

Question 30

General Behavior Traits:
Example
Human

Answer 30

Shyness, aggression, curiosity

Question 31

General Behavior Traits:
Example
Non-Human

Answer 31

Boldness, social hierarchy

Question 32

Selective Breeding Reveals:

Answer 32

Rapid, significant change possible

Question 33

Selective Breeding Reveals:

Answer 33

Traits are heritable

Question 34

Selective Breeding Reveals:

Answer 34

Genetic variation is essential

Question 35

Selective Breeding Reveals:

Answer 35

Trade-offs, unintended consequences exist

Question 36

Selective Breeding Reveals:

Answer 36

Evolution in action (variation, selection, inheritance)

Question 37

Cronks Article Focus

Answer 37

Evolved Behavior

Question 38

Cronks Key Behaviors

Answer 38

Cooperation,competition, mating

Question 39

Cronk Importance
Of evolution on behavior

Answer 39

Behavioral insights for today

Question 40

Cronks theme

Answer 40

Evolutionary influence The interplay between evolutionary past and current social behaviors.