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BN508 Pop Health > Laurens Flash Cards > Flashcards

Laurens Flash Cards

1
Q

Define eugenics

A

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a population. Eugenics advocates controlling reproduction to produce better offspring. - example sterilisation of those deemed to be ‘unfit’.

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2
Q

Provide one example of how nurses are helping to meet sustainable development goals

A

Good health and wellbeing
- nurses in many communities work to improve maternal and child health by providing prenatal care and education on nutrition, and post natal supports reducing maternal and infant mortality rates.

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3
Q

How did the UN sustainability goals develop

A

The sdg’s evolved from earlier international frameworks aimed at addressing global challenges. The sdg’s are designed to address a wide range of issues, from poverty and hunger to climate change and inequality, and are intended to be universal, inclusive and integrated. Developing the goals aimed to create more of a holistic and ambitious framework.

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4
Q

Downstream

A

Addressing immediate needs of marginalised populations

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5
Q

Midstream

A

Intermediate determinants or material circumstances such as housing employment etc

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6
Q

Upstream

A

Structural determinants of health such as social status, income racism and exclusion

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7
Q

Describe ableism in NZ context

A

Ongoing challenges in ensuring physical and digital accessibility in public spaces, workplace and services . Societal attitude and misconceptions about disability. Economic disparities including higher employment rates and lower income levels. Barriers to accessing appropriate and timely healthcare, Insufficient accomodations in schools and workplaces.

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8
Q

Aims of the rural health strategy

A

Improving rural health outcomes and achieving equity for health consumers in the rural population of New Zealand. Builds towards the outcomes set by Pae Ora 2022 act. Acknowledging rural communities strength challenges and outcomes have been overlooked in how health services are provided.

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9
Q

Rural health - Historical

A

Increased health disparities additional for rural Māori. Rural areas often suffer more due to lack of access to healthcare related to lack of providers, including specialists travel and generalised costs. NZ health care system has been subjected to major healthcare reforms over the last 30years with rural health experiencing changed funding, regulations, management and provisions for community governance.

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10
Q

Structural - Rural health

A

Geograpahical factors - Inconsistant and quality of cell phone coverage, challenges attracting and maintaining staff, unique community response, rural community trusts, nurse led models common, nurse prescribers and nurse pract playing an important role

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11
Q

Rural māori outcomes

Cultural - Rural Health

A

Rural Māori have poorer health than urban Māori, but generally less evidence of rural disparities in outcomes for NZ europeans, Increases in refugees in rural regions.

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12
Q

Needs, equity and socioeconmic

Critical - Rural Health

A

Addressing workforce needs should take into account population health needs, equity for rural population (access, appropriate, available, affordable, acceptable) Local and national responses to challenges in socio-economic determinants of health

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13
Q

Indigenous

A

The original inhabitants of a particular region or country who have historical and cultural ties to the land

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14
Q

First nations

A

Distinct Indigenous groups that have historical and cultural ties to specific territories. First nations are recognised as original inhabitants of their lands

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15
Q

Aboriginal

A

The original inhabitants of a region these people have historical and cultural ties to their land prior to colonisation

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16
Q

Native

A

The original inhabitants or original species of a particular region. example individuals or groups who are indigenous to a specific area or country, having historical and cultural ties to the land.

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17
Q

Personal troubles

A

Issues affecting individuals like unemployment or personal health problems, which are often seen as private matters.

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18
Q

Three global health topics identified by WHO

A

Climate change
Depression
HIV

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19
Q

Intersectionality

A

Where power comes and collides, where it locks and intersects. It is acknowledgement that everyone has their own unique experiences of discrimination and privilege. Factors - race, ethnicity, gender identity, class, language, religion, ability, sexuality, mental health, age, education, attractiveness.

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20
Q

Microaggression

A

Comment or action that subtly and often unintentionally expresses a prejudice attitude or discriminates against members of a marginalised group

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21
Q

Macroaggression

A

Large scale, overt aggression, towards a race, gender or group. For example, during covid, spreading misinformation that blamed asains (China) leading to increased hate crimes

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22
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Viewing others from ones own cultural perspective with an implied sense of cultural superiority based on an inability to understand or accept the practices and beliefs of other cultures.

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23
Q

Cultural safety

A

Cultural safety is necessary to achieve equity and improve health outcomes. It recognises and addresses power indifferences. Cultural safety needs to be integrated at all levels of service.

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24
Q

SIF

A

Historical, cultural, structural and critical factors - interrelated and overlapping.

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25
Q

What is implicit bias

A

definition - Some kind of distortion in perception that people have in relation to particular categories of people.

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26
Q

How can reduce implicit bias

A

Data about different approaches and outcomes for different groups. Having commitment to racism free environment.
Treaty of waitangi
Support staff to learn about cultural needs
Advocate against racism

27
Q

What are ways the nurses can provide culturally safe care to disabled people.

A

Being aware of how different cultures view disability and medical care.
Use clear and respectful communication, be mindful of non verbal cues and provide materials in accessible formats
Tailor care plans to fit individual need.
Involves patients in their care decisions decisions empower.

28
Q

Gender

A

The socially and culturally specific meanings associated with biological sex and categories of masculine and feminine and inclusive of LGBTQ+, that defines norms, roles and behaviours.

29
Q

Sex

A

The biological distinction between ‘male and female’ based off of your own genital organs and physiology

30
Q

Norms

A

The dominant expectations about how people are to act or behave which may not be shared or acceptable views by all members of society

31
Q

Gendered health

A

Different experiences and exposures to health and illness that result from gender

32
Q

Gender mainstreaming

A

The process of assessing the implications for women and men and gender diverse people of any planned action within a health system.

33
Q

Agency

A

Our ability to influence our own lives

34
Q

Illness narratives: Quest theory

A

The storyline provides a journey -
a beginning or departure from healthy state, initiation time, then a different reality of health and wellbeing a new understanding of self/care/world.

35
Q

Illness narratives: Restitution theory

A

More associated with acutely ill/injury rather than chronic conditions
often true - high level of variable data
Plot line - yesterday I was healthy today i am sick, however tomorrow i will be well again. (fits biomedical model well)

36
Q

Illness narratives: chaos theory

A

Very uncomfortable to hear - so chaotic, not really a story in tradition sense of beginning middle and end
Trapped within the illness in their life and then, and then.
Respecting clients lived reality by actively listening. (not trying to fix and not trying to avoid)

37
Q

Socio-economic status

A

Measures people based on their individual households by income, occupation and education status.
SES indicates inequality in peoples life with access to resources they need for health.

38
Q

Institutional racism

A

Differential access to the goods services and opportunities of society by race. education, employment and healthcare oppertunities.

39
Q

Individual Racism:

A

This refers to personal beliefs, attitudes, and actions that support or perpetuate racism. It can be expressed through overt discrimination, prejudice, or negative stereotypes against individuals based on their race or ethnicity.

40
Q

Structural Racism

A

This encompasses the broader social, economic, and political systems that uphold racial inequality across society. It highlights how historical and systemic factors interact to disadvantage certain racial groups, leading to disparities in wealth, health, education, and opportunities. (apartide)

41
Q

equality

A

Everyone receives the same resourcing irrespective of their need

42
Q

Equity

A

An ethical concept that addresses where resources are distributed according to peoples needs.
Difference in resourcing

43
Q

Health equity

A

When all people have the opportunity to reach their full potential
Attaining the highest level of health for ALL people
No one is disadvantaged due to their social position or other socially determined circumstances

44
Q

Define gendered health

A

Different experiences and exposures to health and illness that result from gender

45
Q

Migrant

A

Someone who moves from one country or region for employment or education to better their living conditions and a willing and can also be forced

46
Q

Refugee

A

Someone who has been forced to leave their home country due to persecution or conflict (SAFETY seekers).

47
Q

Pacific key values

A

Family, religion, elder respect and food.

48
Q

Biomedical model of health

A

The western medicine approach to illness and disease are caused by malfunction in the body that requires fixing

49
Q

Social model of health

A

The social model of health is the broader social, economic and environmental impacts on health

50
Q

Health inequality

A

Systemic and avoidable differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups. These differences are often influences by factors such as economic status, race, ethnicity etc.

51
Q

Arthur franks

A

Restitution
Chaos
Quest

52
Q

Indiginous

A

Self identify
Have a spiritual and cultura connection to the land
Unique languages traditions and customs social practices
Traditional knowledge
Cultural preservation and resilience/advocacy

53
Q

Describe a historical factor that has influences the way nz society has viewed disableds

A

In the early 19th century people with disabilities in nz were mainly institutionalised, Segregating and institutionalised contributed to the lack of knowledge and understanding in that time period.

54
Q

Three issues for rural communities in regards to health

A

Access to healthcare services
Increased health disparities - Depression, isolation
Transportation

55
Q

Colonisation and how this contributed to health outcomes for indigenous people

A

Loss of land and language the power went to the state and culture being reduced with the government taking a lot from indigenous communities. Also exposure to disease, economic imbalances, marginalisation, racism, inequity.

56
Q

Determinants of health

A

Born, grow up, work, age, gender that influence a populations health status

57
Q

How does New Zealand measure poverty

A

Deprivation index

58
Q

Describe how education can positively affect health

A

Improves health literacy and how an individuals behaviour changes within healthier environments.

59
Q

Two detriments of health

A

Education
Income
Housing
Clean water
Food

60
Q

Population health

A

Is the collective goal aimed at improving the health of an entire population it includes removing health barriers, reducing the occurrence of illness and reduces health inequities.

61
Q

NZNO definition of cultural safety

A

The effective nursing practice of a person or family from another culture, that is determined by the person or family receiving the care.

62
Q

The social model of disability

A

Responsibility of society to make spaces more accessible

63
Q

UN characteristics of indigenous people

A

Having a strong link to the land

BN508 Pop Health (4 decks)

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